VERVET MONKEY ALARM CALLS - MANIPULATION THROUGH SHARED INFORMATION
VERVET MONKEY ALARM CALLS - MANIPULATION THROUGH SHARED INFORMATION
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DOI：
10.1163/156853985x00316
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
SEYFARTH, RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CHENEY, DL;SEYFARTH, RM
在安博塞利国家公园，地位较高的雄猴和雌猴发出警报的频率高于地位较低的雄猴和雌猴。等级和警报叫声之间的这种相关性不会发生，因为等级较高的动物比等级较低的动物有更多的后代或近亲。同样，地位较高的动物似乎并没有更多机会发现潜在的捕食者；它们不会比地位较低的动物更多地扫描栖息地，也不太可能走在群体进步的前列。似乎有可能，地位较低的动物可能会像地位较高的动物一样发现捕食者，但它们并不总是提醒其他群体成员注意即将到来的危险。为了进一步测试猴子可能会根据社会环境的不同而改变警报率，在圈养的紫红色猴子上进行了一项实验，在成年雌性猴子面前呈现一只捕食者，要么是它们的后代，要么是没有血缘关系的幼猴。成年雌性惊慌--与后代在一起时，发出警报的频率明显高于与亲缘关系不相关的青少年。一项在成年男性身上进行的类似实验表明，与其他成年男性相比，在成年女性在场的情况下，男性发出警报的几率更高。实验和观察的结果都表明，猴子向他人发出危险警告的速度可能会有所不同。隐瞒信息可能是欺骗他人的有效手段，因为发现作弊者相对困难。讨论了选择性在报警呼叫产生中的可能优势。
High-ranking male and female vervet monkeys in Amboseli National Park alarm-call at higher-frequencies than do low-ranking males and females. This correlation between rank and alarm-calling does not occur because high-ranking animals have more offspring or close kin than low-ranking animals. Similarly, high-ranking animals do not seem to have greater opportunities to spot potential predators; they do not scan the habitat more than low-ranking animals, nor are they more likely to be in the forefront of group progressions. It seems possible that low-ranking animals may spot predators as often as high-ranking animals, but that they do not always alert other group members to approaching danger. As further test of the possibility that monkeys may vary the rate of alarm-calling depending on social contexts, an experiment was conducted on captive vervet monkeys in which adult females were presented with a predator in the presence of either their off-spring or an unrelated juvenile. Adult females alarm-called significantly more often when with their offspring than with unrelated juveniles. A similar experiment conducted on adult males showed that males alarm-called at higher rates in the presence of adult females than in the presence of other adult males. The results of both experiments and observations suggest that monkeys may vary the rate at which they warn others of danger. The withholding of information may be an effective means to deceive others, because it is relatively difficult to detect cheaters. The possible advantages of selectivity in alarm call production are discussed.