Predicting local extinctions of Amazonian vertebrates in forest islands created by a mega dam
Predicting local extinctions of Amazonian vertebrates in forest islands created by a mega dam
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2015.04.005
复制
发表时间：
2015-07-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Peres, Carlos A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benchimol, Maira;Peres, Carlos A.
水力发电项目正在整个低地亚马逊地区迅速扩展，推动大片曾经连续的森林转变为嵌入在广阔开放水域矩阵中的群岛。森林脊椎动物种群因此成为搁浅在栖息地岛屿，其持久性由物种的生活史特征，栖息地补丁，和景观环境的组合。我们调查了34个乔木和陆生脊椎动物物种的物种灭绝模式在三个连续的森林网站和37个陆桥岛内的一个最大的南美水电站水库，基于相机诱捕，线样普查，标志调查，和犰狳洞穴计数相结合。森林面积是物种持久性的最佳预测因子，因此我们将所有物种分为三个级别的脆弱性栖息地孤立化，大多数物种被定义为“区域敏感”。然而，岛屿的占有率是由个别物种的特征决定的，分布广泛的物种和分散能力差的物种显示出很高的局部灭绝率。我们检测到更高的岛屿占用率的大型脊椎动物物种相比，其他新热带破碎的森林景观，这表明，这是严重归因于没有狩猎的压力在巴尔比纳。然而，大多数陆地和树栖物种在绝大多数岛屿内已被逼到局部灭绝，这些岛屿基本上已被消灭。我们预测了水库内所有3546个岛屿的物种组成，表明只有
Hydropower projects are rapidly expanding across lowland Amazonia, driving the conversion of large tracts of once-continuous forests into archipelagos embedded within a vast open-water matrix. Forest vertebrate populations thus become stranded in habitat islands, with their persistence governed by a combination of species life-history traits, habitat patch, and landscape context. We investigate the patterns of species extinction of 34 arboreal and terrestrial vertebrate species within three continuous forest sites and 37 land-bridge islands within one of the largest South American hydroelectric reservoirs, based on a combination of camera trapping, line-transect censuses, sign surveys, and armadillo burrow counts. Forest area was the best predictor of species persistence, so we classified all species into three levels of vulnerability to habitat insularization, with most species defined as 'area-sensitive'. However, island occupancy was decisively determined by individual species traits, with wide-ranging species and poor dispersers showing high local extinction rates. We detected higher island occupancy rates of large vertebrate species compared to other Neotropical fragmented forest landscapes, suggesting that this is critically attributed to the absence of hunting pressure at Balbina. Nevertheless, most terrestrial and arboreal species have been driven to local extinction within the vast majority of islands, which have been largely defaunated. We predicted species composition across all 3546 islands within the reservoir, indicating that only