Making a Global Gas Market: Territoriality and Production Networks in Liquefied Natural Gas
Making a Global Gas Market: Territoriality and Production Networks in Liquefied Natural Gas
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DOI：
10.1080/00130095.2017.1283212
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发表时间：
2017-03
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
G. Bridge;M. Bradshaw
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Bridge;M. Bradshaw
摘要 能源市场是当代经济全球化的重要场所。在本文中，我们使用全球生产网络（GPN）方法来研究液化天然气（LNG）行业的演化动态及其在新兴全球天然气市场中的作用。我们扩展了关系经济地理学文献中关于生产网络随着时间和空间的组装和维持的组织实践的最新研究；我们通过展示这些实践对 GPN 地域性的影响来解决 GPN 研究中一个明显不发达的方面。本文介绍了液化天然气作为天然气的技术材料重新配置，使其能够在管道的大陆限制之外运输和销售。我们简要概述了液化天然气贸易不断变化的规模和地理范围，并介绍了协调液化天然气生产、分销和营销的公司、超经济参与者和中介机构网络。我们的分析表明，液化天然气如何从相对简单的点对点浮动管道模型、由生产和消费公司精心策划并受长期合同管理的两国流动，演变成构成新兴全球天然气市场的地理和组织更加复杂的生产网络。从实证角度，本文首次在经济地理学领域对液化天然气行业的全球化及其对全球天然气市场的影响进行了系统分析，展示了 GPN（及相关框架）对当代能源政治经济做出有意义的分析的潜力。从概念上讲，本文通过研究 GPN 的空间配置如何从企业、超经济参与者和中介机构的组织结构和协调策略中产生，推动 GPN 研究更充分地发挥其作为网络地域性分析的潜力；并认识到网络地域性是市场的组成部分，而不仅仅是对市场的响应。
abstract Energy markets are an important contemporary site of economic globalization. In this article we use a global production network (GPN) approach to examine the evolutionary dynamics of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) sector and its role in an emerging global market for natural gas. We extend recent work in the relational economic geography literature on the organizational practices by which production networks are assembled and sustained over time and space; and we address a significantly underdeveloped aspect of GPN research by demonstrating the implications of these practices for the territoriality of GPNs. The article introduces LNG as a techno-material reconfiguration of natural gas that enables it to be moved and sold beyond the continental limits of pipelines. We briefly outline the evolving scale and geographic scope of LNG trade, and introduce the network of firms, extraeconomic actors, and intermediaries through which LNG production, distribution, and marketing are coordinated. Our analysis shows how LNG is evolving from a relatively simple floating pipeline model of point-to-point, binational flows orchestrated by producing and consuming companies and governed by long-term contracts, to a more geographic and organizationally complex production network that is constitutive of an emergent global gas market. Empirically the article provides the first systematic analysis within economic geography of the globalization of the LNG sector and its influence on global gas markets, demonstrating the potential of GPN (and related frameworks) to contribute meaningful analysis of the contemporary political economy of energy. Conceptually the article pushes research on GPN to realize more fully its potential as an analysis of network territoriality by examining how the spatial configuration of GPNs emerges from the organizational structures and coordinating strategies of firms, extraeconomic actors and intermediaries; and by recognizing how network territoriality is constitutive of markets rather than merely responsive to them.