ACUTE RESPIRATORY EFFECTS OF PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION
ACUTE RESPIRATORY EFFECTS OF PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.pu.15.050194.000543
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发表时间：
1994-01-01
影响因子：
20.8
通讯作者：
POPE, CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DOCKERY, DW;POPE, CA
在20世纪30年代，40年代和50年代，几次极端的空气污染事件使人们关注空气污染对健康的潜在不利影响。其中包括1930年12月在比利时默兹河流域的一段插曲（15），1948年在宾夕法尼亚州多诺拉的一段插曲（36），以及在英格兰伦敦的几段插曲（23，44）。疾病的突然大量增加。和死亡，伴随着这样的事件表明，J！空气污染会对人体健康产生不利影响。与这些事件相关的死亡率增加提供了空气污染不利影响的第一个量化措施。到了1970年代，这种联系已经建立起来。呼吸道疾病与颗粒物和/或硫氧化物空气污染之间的关系，但对于严重影响人类健康的污染程度仍然存在分歧。在回顾1968年至1977年发表的研究成果时，霍兰德和其他几位英国著名科学家得出结论，高浓度的颗粒物和相关的空气污染对人类健康构成危害，但低浓度的颗粒物污染对健康的影响较小。不能从其他因素对健康的影响中”解脱出来“。Shy（45）回应称，Holland等人的综述系统地低估了当代污染水平下与污染相关的健康影响的证据。害羞，和，其他评论家（1，12，45，. 54），指出证据的累积权重提供了合理的理由来掩盖，
In the 1930s, 40s, and 50s, several episodes of extrethe air pollution focused attention on the potential for adverse health effects of air pollution.\t~ ese included an episode in the Meuse Valley, Belgium, ln December 1930 (15), an episode in Donora, Pennsylvania in 1948 (36), and several episodes in London, Engliind (23, 44). The sudden large increases in sickness. and death that accompanied such episodes demonstrated that J! irpollution can adversely affect human health. The increased mortality associated with such episodes provided the first quantitative measure of the adverse effects of air pollution. By the 1970s, a link had been well established. between respiratory disease artd particulate and/or sulfur· oxide air pollution, but still there remained disagreement as to the level of pollution that would significantly affect human health. In reviewing research published between 1968 and 1977, Holland and several other prominent British scientists (19) concluded that particulate and related air pollution a~ high levels pose hazards to htiman health, but that health effects of par; t~ culate pollution at lower concentr. ations i; ould not be" disentangled''from health effects of other factors.. Shy (45) responded by asserting that the review by Holland et al systematitally discounted evidence of pollution-related health effects· at contemporary i> olltttion levels. Shy, and, other reviewers (1, 12, 45,. 54), contetided that the cumulative weight of evidence provided sound feasons to belie~ e that