The legacy effect of cover crops on soil fungal populations in a cereal rotation
The legacy effect of cover crops on soil fungal populations in a cereal rotation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2016.04.022
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发表时间：
2016-07-15
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Marley, Christina L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Detheridge, Andrew P.;Brand, Graham;Marley, Christina L.
在农业中使用轮作和最低限度耕作可以通过增加土壤有机质和养分以及打破病原体生命周期来实现更可持续的生产。土壤真菌种群对土壤有重要的物理和化学贡献。例如，菌根菌种对植物营养很重要，但在考虑有效土壤功能的管理实践时往往被忽视。利用新型PCR引物和rRNA位点大核糖体亚基D1区域的高通量测序技术，研究了不同牧草和谷物耕作方式对土壤真菌群落的影响。该研究包括5种饲料处理，分别是低氮或高氮的多年生黑麦草（Lolium perenne）、菊苣（Cichorium intybus）、红三叶草（Trifolium pratense）和白三叶草（Trifolium repens），种植时间为3个收获年（2010-2012）。菊苣、红三叶草和白三叶草的种植导致土壤真菌群落差异显著，三叶草下真菌种群多样性显著降低，表明其与土壤氮动态有关。与此一致的是，土壤硝酸盐- n水平与丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）和其他与根相关的真菌类群（暗隔内生菌，‘CHEG’， Sebacinales和Ceratobasidiaceae）的种群呈负相关。Mortierella属真菌和隐球菌属真菌丰度与土壤硝态氮呈显著正相关，Mortierella属真菌丰度与土壤磷呈显著负相关。同一地块分别播种春小麦（2013年4月）和冬大麦（2013年10月）。每块地有一半是在翻耕或直接钻探后播种的。在这两种谷物作物之后，发现了前一种饲料作物对真菌群落的遗留效应，其中以前种植黑麦草的地块最具多样性。冬大麦播种后，不同建立方式对真菌群落的总体影响不大，但直钻地块AMF和CHEG真菌数量较多，翻耕地块病原菌数量较多。(C) 2016作者。Elsevier B.V.出版
The use of rotations and minimum tillage in agriculture can permit more sustainable production through increasing soil organic matter and nutrients, and breaking of pathogen lifecycles. Soil fungal populations make an important physical and chemical contribution to soil. For example, mycorrhizal species are important in plant nutrition but are often overlooked when considering management practices for efficient soil function. We undertook DNA metabarcoding (Ion Torrent) using novel PCR primers and high-throughput sequencing of the D1 region of the large ribosomal subunit of the rRNA locus, to assess the effect of different forages and cereal tillage methods on the soil fungal community. The study comprised five forage treatments, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) with either low or high N, chicory (Cichorium intybus), red clover (Trifolium pratense) or white clover (Trifolium repens) grown over 3 harvest years (2010-2012). Cultivation of chicory, red clover or white clover led to significantly divergent soil fungal communities, with a notably lower diversity of fungal populations under clover, suggesting a link to soil N dynamics. Consistent with this, was a negative correlation of soil nitrate-N levels with populations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and other root-associated fungal groupings (dark septate endophytes, 'CHEG', Sebacinales and Ceratobasidiaceae). In contrast, abundance of Fungi belonging to the genera Mortierella and Cryptococcus were positively correlated with soil nitrate-N, with Mortierella also being negatively correlated with soil P. Spring wheat was sown on the same plots (April 2013) followed by winter barley (October 2013). Half of each plot was sown either after ploughing or by direct drilling. A legacy effect of the preceding forage crop on the fungal community was detected after both cereal crops, with plots previously cultivated with ryegrass being most divergent. No overall effect of establishment method on fungal communities was detected but AMF and CHEG fungi were more abundant on direct-drilled plots and pathogenic fungi were more abundant on ploughed plots after the sowing of winter barley. (C) 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.