Alphaherpesviruses and chemokines: pas de deux not yet brought to perfection.
Alphaherpesviruses and chemokines: pas de deux not yet brought to perfection.
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α疱疹病毒和趋化因子：双人舞尚未达到完美。
DOI：
10.1128/jvi.00098-08
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Osterrieder,Nikolaus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
VandeWalle,GerlindeR;Jarosinski,KeithW;Osterrieder,Nikolaus
病毒和宿主的共存意味着持续的相互进化压力。除了病毒复制和传播所必需的基本系统外，病毒还发展了辅助系统以逃避宿主免疫系统的杀伤。疱疹病毒已经与宿主共同进化了数百万年，并且非常好地适应了各自的伴侣。长期以来，生物学标准被用来将疱疹病毒科细分为三个亚科，即α、β和γ疱疹病毒科。Alphaherpesvirinae的成员体内宿主范围窄，复制周期短，并且能够建立终身潜伏感染，主要但不限于感觉神经节的神经元（50）。它们的线性双链DNA基因组长度在124到177 kbp之间，通常由直接或反向重复序列所连接的独特序列区域组成。该亚科包括人类病原体以及一些对农业和经济具有重要意义的动物病毒（表1）。人类病原体1型单纯疱疹病毒（HSV-1）、HSV-2和水痘带状疱疹病毒（VZV）分别是唇疱疹、生殖器溃疡和水痘/带状疱疹的病原体。有些动物疱疹病毒可引起疾病，可能造成毁灭性的经济后果。感染1型马疱疹病毒（EHV-1）可导致呼吸道疾病、流产和神经系统疾病；牛疱疹病毒1型（BHV-1）导致牛呼吸道感染和流产；伪狂犬病毒（suid herpesvirus 1）感染（Aujeszky病）以猪的呼吸系统和神经系统疾病、流产和不育为特征；马立克氏病病毒（MDV）是一种致癌的甲疱疹病毒，在未接种疫苗的鸡中引起大量免疫抑制和总是致命的t细胞淋巴瘤。
The coexistence of viruses and their hosts implies constant and mutual evolutionary pressure. In addition to the fundamental systems necessary for viruses to replicate and spread, viruses have developed accessory systems to escape killing by the host’s immune system. Herpesviruses have been coevolving with their hosts over millions of years and are exquisitely well adapted to their respective partners. Biological criteria have long been used to subdivide the family Herpesviridae into three subfamilies, namely Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaherpesvirinae.Members of the Alphaherpesvirinae have a narrow in vivo host range, a short replication cycle, and the capacity to establish lifelong, latent infections, primarily but not exclusively in neurons of sensory ganglia (50). Their linear, double-stranded DNA genomes vary between 124 and 177 kbp in length and generally consist of regions of unique sequences ffanked by direct or inverted repeat sequences. The subfamily includes human pathogens as well as a number of animal viruses of considerable agricultural and economic importance (Table 1). The human pathogens herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are the causative agents of cold sores, genital ulcerous disease, and chickenpox/shingles, respectively. Some of the animal herpesviruses can cause diseases with potentially devastating economic consequences. Infection with equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) results in respiratory disease, abortion, and neurological disorders; bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) leads to respiratory infections and abortions in cattle; pseudorabies virus (PRV)(suid herpesvirus 1) infection (Aujeszky’s disease) is characterized by respiratory and neurological disorders, abortion, and infertility in swine; and Marek’s disease virus (MDV), an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus, causes massive immunosuppression and invariably lethal T-cell lymphomas in unvaccinated chickens.