Dark photon stars: formation and role as dark matter substructure

Dark photon stars: formation and role as dark matter substructure
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暗光子星:暗物质子结构的形成和作用

DOI:
10.1088/1475-7516/2022/08/018
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
6.4
通讯作者:
Gorghetto M
Gorghetto M
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gorghetto M

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任何在暴胀过程中出现的具有非零质量的新矢量玻色子(暗光子或Proca玻色子)都是在此时从真空涨落中自动产生的,并且可以包括所有或大部分观测到的暗物质密度,如Graham,Mardon和Rajendran所示。我们证明,利用分析和数值研究,这种情况意味着一个非常丰富的暗物质子结构所产生的引力相互作用和量子效应的相互作用。由于原始密度扰动的大小与量子压力相关的尺度之间存在显著的参数重合,相当一部分暗物质不可避免地坍缩成引力束缚的孤子,这是完全量子相干的物体。这些“暗光子星”或“Proca星”的中心密度通常比当地背景暗物质密度大10 6倍,并且它们的特征质量为10-16 M(10-5 eV/m)3/2,其中m是矢量的质量。在孤子产生期间和之后,能量密度的相当部分最初存储在长寿命的准正常模式中,随后从长寿命的准正常模式辐射。此外,孤立子被特征性的“模糊”暗物质晕所包围,其中量子波性质相对于通常的维里化暗物质预期也得到了增强。密度较低的致密晕,与质量的一个因素的1000 - 105大于孤子,形成在更大的尺度。我们认为,在最低限度,孤子很可能生存到今天没有被潮汐中断。这种丰富的子结构,我们预计也来自其他暗光子暗物质的产生机制,开辟了广泛的新的直接和间接检测的可能性,正如我们在配套文件中讨论。
Any new vector boson with non-zero mass (a'dark photon'or'Proca boson') that is present during inflation is automatically produced at this time from vacuum fluctuations and can comprise all or a substantial fraction of the observed dark matter density, as shown by Graham, Mardon, and Rajendran. We demonstrate, utilising both analytic and numerical studies, that such a scenario implies an extremely rich dark matter substructure arising purely from the interplay of gravitational interactions and quantum effects. Due to a remarkable parametric coincidence between the size of the primordial density perturbations and the scale at which quantum pressure is relevant, a substantial fraction of the dark matter inevitably collapses into gravitationally bound solitons, which are fully quantum coherent objects. The central densities of these'dark photon star', or'Proca star', solitons are typically a factor 10 6 larger than the local background dark matter density, and they have characteristic masses of 10-16 M⊙(10-5 eV/m) 3/2, where m is the mass of the vector. During and post soliton production a comparable fraction of the energy density is initially stored in, and subsequently radiated from, long-lived quasi-normal modes. Furthermore, the solitons are surrounded by characteristic'fuzzy'dark matter halos in which quantum wave-like properties are also enhanced relative to the usual virialized dark matter expectations. Lower density compact halos, with masses a factor of∼ 10 5 greater than the solitons, form at much larger scales. We argue that, at minimum, the solitons are likely to survive to the present day without being tidally disrupted. This rich substructure, which we anticipate also arises from other dark photon dark matter production mechanisms, opens up a wide range of new direct and indirect detection possibilities, as we discuss in a companion paper.
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