EXPLAINING THE DECLINE OF TEACHER APTITUDE IN THE UNITED STATES
EXPLAINING THE DECLINE OF TEACHER APTITUDE IN THE UNITED STATES
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解释美国教师资质下降的原因
DOI：
10.1257/0002828041302073
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Leigh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Hoxby;A. Leigh
自1960年以来，公立学校教师的能力下降有两个主要假设：女性在其他职业的就业机会增加，以及由于工会组织而导致教师工资下降。使用1961年至1997年的几个大学毕业生队列的数据，我们调查了这两个假设。为了区分这些假设，我们利用了这样一个事实，即各州在工会化进程和女性工资平等方面存在很大差异。我们用一位教师所在本科学院学生的平均大学才能来代表她的能力。我们使用使教师工会化合法化和便利化的法律来确定工会化的影响。有证据表明，教师工资的压缩造成了教师资质下降的四分之三。女性在其他职业中的机会确实很重要，但对所有能力的女性来说，机会的改善相当相似。虽然一般来说，替代职业使妇女退出了教学，但它们对高才能妇女的影响并不足够不成比例，不足以解释教师才能下降的大部分原因。
There are two main hypotheses for the decline in the aptitude of public school teachers since 1960: improved job opportunities for females in other occupations and the compression of teaching wages owing to unionization. Using data on several college graduating cohorts from 1961 to 1997, we investigate both hypotheses. To separate the hypotheses, we exploit the fact that states varied considerably in the progress of unionization and female wage parity. We proxy for a teacher's aptitude with the mean college aptitude of students at her undergraduate college. We identify the effects of unionization using laws that legalized and facilitated teachers' unionization. The evidence suggests that compression of teaching wages is responsible for about three-quarters of the decline in teacher aptitude. Females' oppor tunities in alternative occupations do matter, but opportunities improved rather similarly for females of all aptitudes. Altho ugh alternative occupations drew women out of teaching in general, they did not have a sufficiently disproportionate effect on high aptitude women to explain the bulk of the decline in teachers aptitude.