Guide RNA Categorization Enables Target Site Choice in Tn7-CRISPR-Cas Transposons.

Guide RNA Categorization Enables Target Site Choice in Tn7-CRISPR-Cas Transposons.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.005
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发表时间:
2020-12-23
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Peters JE
Peters JE
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Petassi MT;Hsieh SC;Peters JE

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CRISPR-Cas防御系统在自然界中已多次被用来指导Tn7样元件的RNA指导转座。原型 Tn7 使用专用蛋白实现两种靶向途径,一种靶向染色体中的中性且保守的附着位点,第二种定向转座到移动质粒中,促进细胞间转移。我们证明 Tn7-CRISPR-Cas 元件进化出了指导 RNA 分类系统,以实现相同的双途径生活方式。多种机制允许功能不同的引导RNA进行转座,传统系统能够获取新质粒和噬菌体靶标的引导RNA,第二种系统在进入新宿主时提供访问染色体位点的长期记忆。向导RNA被私有化,通过序列特化、错配容忍和选择性调节,只能被转座子适应系统识别,以避免内源性CRISPR-Cas防御系统产生有毒的自靶向。这一信息揭示了设计引导RNA以增强基因组修饰的CRISPR-Cas功能的有希望的途径。转座子采用 CRISPR-Cas 系统进行 RNA 引导转座,使用允许靶位点选择的机制,并防止经典 CRISPR-Cas 系统使用引导 RNA,这些功能可能对生物技术应用有用。
CRISPR-Cas defense systems have been coopted multiple times in nature for guide RNA-directed transposition by Tn7-like elements. Prototypic Tn7 uses dedicated proteins for two targeting pathways, one targeting a neutral and conserved attachment site in the chromosome and a second directing transposition into mobile plasmids facilitating cell-to-cell transfer. We show that Tn7-CRISPR-Cas elements evolved a system of guide RNA categorization to accomplish the same two-pathway lifestyle. Multiple mechanisms allow functionally distinct guide RNAs for transposition, a conventional system capable of acquiring guide RNAs to new plasmid and phage targets and a second providing long-term memory for access to chromosomal sites upon entry into a new host. Guide RNAs are privatized to be recognized only by the transposon-adapted system via sequence-specialization, mismatch tolerance and selective regulation to avoid toxic self-targeting by endogenous CRISPR-Cas defense systems. This information reveals promising avenues to engineer guide RNAs for enhanced CRISPR-Cas functionality for genome modification. Transposons have coopted CRISPR-Cas systems for RNA-guided transposition, using mechanisms that allow for target site choice, and that prevent guide RNA use by canonical CRISPR-Cas systems—features that could be useful for biotech applications.
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