A five-factor model of perseverative thought.
A five-factor model of perseverative thought.
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DOI：
10.1037/abn0000737
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发表时间：
2022-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Caulfield, M Kathleen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hallion, Lauren S;Wright, Aidan G C;Joormann, Jutta;Kusmierski, Susan N;Coutanche, Marc N;Caulfield, M Kathleen
像诊断状态一样，临床相关的思维仍然以离散的类别（例如，忧虑;沉思;强迫症）。然而，定义可以有很大的不同。坚持性思维（或更广泛的临床相关思维）领域将从一个基于共识的、基于实践的分类学中受益匪浅，这种分类学类似于精神病理学的层次分类学（HiTOP）或人格的“大五”。本文讨论了建立这种分类的三个主要障碍：1）缺乏明确比较分类（子类型）与维度模型的研究; 2）主要依赖于人与人之间的测量，而不是在思想层面（人与人之间）建模; 3）对复制和细化的重视不够。参与者包括一个随机众包样本（来自286名参与者的790个观察结果）和一个独立的焦虑抑郁复制样本（来自277名参与者的808个观察结果）。参与者对一系列特征的三个具体的临床相关想法进行了维度评级。多层次的潜在类分析和多层次的探索性因素分析，以确定和提取自然模式的协变功能之间的思想水平，控制人的水平的倾向。两个样本中都出现了一致的五维解决方案，并且在拟合度、可重复性和解释力方面可靠地优于最佳拟合的分类解决方案。确定的维度是失控，自我关注，效价，人际关系和不确定性。研究结果支持PT的五因素潜在结构。理论，实证和临床意义和未来的发展方向进行了讨论。难以控制的想法在广泛的心理问题中很常见，包括焦虑，抑郁和相关的情绪心理健康问题。在临床研究和实践中，这些想法通常被描述为相互排斥的类别，如“担心”，“强迫症”或“沉思”，但这些类别可能不是组织和定义想法的最准确方法。在两个独立的样本，我们表明，思想不自然分组到类别。相反，我们发现了五个潜在的维度（不可控性、效价、自我关注、人际关系和不确定性），这些维度沿着难以控制的想法。
Like diagnostic status, clinically-relevant thought remains overwhelmingly conceptualized in terms of discrete categories (e.g., worry; rumination; obsessions). However, definitions can vary widely. The area of perseverative thought (or clinically-relevant thought more broadly) would benefit substantially from a consensus-based, empirically-grounded taxonomy similar to the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) or the “Big Five” for personality. This paper addresses three major barriers to establishing such a taxonomy: 1) a lack of research explicitly comparing categorical (subtype) versus dimensional models; 2) primary reliance on between-person measures rather than modeling at the level of the thought (within-person); 3) insufficient emphasis on replication and refinement. Participants included an unselected crowdsourced sample (790 observations from 286 participants) and an independent anxious-depressed replication sample (808 observations from 277 participants). Participants made dimensional ratings for three idiographic clinically-relevant thoughts on a range of features. Multilevel latent class analysis and multilevel exploratory factor analysis were applied to identify and extract natural patterns of covariation among features at the level of the thought, controlling for person-level tendencies. A consistent five-dimension solution emerged across both samples and reliably outperformed the best-fitting categorical solution in terms of fit, replicability, and explanatory power. Identified dimensions were dyscontrol, self-focus, valence, interpersonal, and uncertainty. Findings support a five-factor latent structure of PT. Theoretical, empirical, and clinical implications and future directions are discussed. Difficult-to-control thoughts are common across a wide range of psychological problems, including anxiety, depression, and related emotional mental health concerns. In clinical research and practice, these thoughts are often described in terms of mutually exclusive categories, such as “worry,” “obsessions,” or “rumination,” but these categories may not be the most accurate way to organize and define thoughts. In two independent samples, we show that thoughts do not naturally group into categories. Instead, we find five underlying dimensions (uncontrollability; valence; self-focus; interpersonal; and uncertainty) along which difficult-to-control thoughts differ.