Brucellosis as an emerging threat in developing economies: lessons from Nigeria.
Brucellosis as an emerging threat in developing economies: lessons from Nigeria.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0003008
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发表时间：
2014-07
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Moriyón I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ducrotoy MJ;Bertu WJ;Ocholi RA;Gusi AM;Bryssinckx W;Welburn S;Moriyón I
尼日利亚是非洲人口最多的国家，世界上贫穷的牲畜饲养者占很大比例，是被忽视的人畜共患病的热点。对尼日利亚127份关于布鲁氏菌病的出版物进行审查，发现关于其在不同流行病学背景下的时空分布的证据很少且不完整。进行的少数细菌学研究证明牛和羊中存在牛种布氏杆菌，但存在B的证据。小反刍动物中的羊种灭绝是过时的和不清楚的。大部分的证据包括血清阳性率研究，但测试标准化和验证并不总是充分描述，并存在误解的敏感性和/或特异性和能力，以确定感染布鲁氏菌物种。尽管如此，早期的研究表明，虽然布鲁氏菌病是广泛的游牧系统的地方病，血清阳性率低，布鲁氏菌病并没有被视为一个真实的负担;然而，最近的研究可能反映了一个变化的趋势。关于人类布鲁氏菌病，没有研究确定布鲁氏菌属，大多数报告仅提供了经典风险组中接触布鲁氏菌的血清学证据;一些报告表明布鲁氏菌病误诊为疟疾或其他发热性疾病。对1970年代末发生的一次严重疫情的调查表明，在萨赫勒干旱期间，以前的游牧人口定居下来，造成了动物和人类疾病的出现。在撒哈拉以南非洲，由于牧民流动和城市化和粮食需求不断增长导致的集约化管理的增加，布鲁氏菌病重新出现的风险似乎越来越大。布鲁氏菌病等高度传染性的人畜共患病构成了具有深远社会和政治后果的威胁。
Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa, has a large proportion of the world's poor livestock keepers, and is a hotspot for neglected zoonoses. A review of the 127 accessible publications on brucellosis in Nigeria reveals only scant and fragmented evidence on its spatial and temporal distribution in different epidemiological contexts. The few bacteriological studies conducted demonstrate the existence of Brucella abortus in cattle and sheep, but evidence for B. melitensis in small ruminants is dated and unclear. The bulk of the evidence consists of seroprevalence studies, but test standardization and validation are not always adequately described, and misinterpretations exist with regard to sensitivity and/or specificity and ability to identify the infecting Brucella species. Despite this, early studies suggest that although brucellosis was endemic in extensive nomadic systems, seroprevalence was low, and brucellosis was not perceived as a real burden; recent studies, however, may reflect a changing trend. Concerning human brucellosis, no studies have identified the Brucella species and most reports provide only serological evidence of contact with Brucella in the classical risk groups; some suggest brucellosis misdiagnoses as malaria or other febrile conditions. The investigation of a severe outbreak that occurred in the late 1970s describes the emergence of animal and human disease caused by the settling of previously nomadic populations during the Sahelian drought. There appears to be an increasing risk of re-emergence of brucellosis in sub-Saharan Africa, as a result of the co-existence of pastoralist movements and the increase of intensive management resulting from growing urbanization and food demand. Highly contagious zoonoses like brucellosis pose a threat with far-reaching social and political consequences.