Probing quantum phases of ultracold atoms in optical lattices by transmission spectra in cavity quantum electrodynamics
Probing quantum phases of ultracold atoms in optical lattices by transmission spectra in cavity quantum electrodynamics
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DOI：
10.1038/nphys571
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发表时间：
2007-02
期刊：
影响因子：
19.6
通讯作者：
I. Mekhov;C. Maschler;H. Ritsch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
I. Mekhov;C. Maschler;H. Ritsch
对光学晶格中超冷气体的研究提供了一种手段，用于在可控的原子系统中测试凝聚态物理学的基本和面向应用的量子多体概念;例子包括强相关相位和量子信息处理。观察玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体量子特性的标准方法是基于从陷阱释放的原子之间的物质波干涉，这种方法最终会破坏系统。在这里，我们提出了一种新的方法的基础上的光学测量，保持原子的数量。我们证明了原子的量子统计可以映射到高Q腔的透射谱上，其中原子产生量子折射率。这对于研究相变（例如莫特绝缘体和超流体状态之间的相变）非常有用，因为不同的相表现出不同的光散射。加入腔量子电动力学和超冷气体的范例可以使光和物质在终极量子水平上的概念性新研究成为可能。我们预测的效果在最近成为可能的实验中可以获得。
Studies of ultracold gases in optical lattices provide a means for testing fundamental and application-oriented quantum many-body concepts of condensed-matter physics in well controllable atomic systems; examples include strongly correlated phases and quantum-information processing. Standard methods to observe quantum properties of Bose–Einstein condensates are based on matter–wave interference between atoms released from traps,,,,, a method that ultimately destroys the system. Here, we propose a new approach on the basis of optical measurements that conserves the number of atoms. We prove that atomic quantum statistics can be mapped on transmission spectra of high-Qcavities, where atoms create a quantum refractive index. This can be useful for studying phase transitions — for example, between Mott insulator and superfluid states — as various phases show qualitatively distinct light scattering. Joining the paradigms of cavity quantum electrodynamics and ultracold gases could enable conceptually new investigations of both light and matter at ultimate quantum levels. We predict effects accessible in experiments that recently became possible.