Tactile length contraction as Bayesian inference.
Tactile length contraction as Bayesian inference.
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作为贝叶斯推理的触觉长度收缩。
DOI：
10.1152/jn.00029.2016
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
D. Goldreich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jonathan Tong;Vy;D. Goldreich
要产生感知，大脑必须解读由刺激引发的神经活动。这颇具挑战性：神经反应的随机性使其解读本身就具有不确定性。如果大脑依据从经验中获得的预期，运用贝叶斯推理来解读输入信息，感知将会达到最优。贝叶斯推理平均而言会改善感知，但当刺激违背预期时会导致错觉。有趣的是，触觉、听觉和视觉感知都容易出现长度收缩错觉，其特征是对快速连续施加的点状刺激之间的距离严重低估；这些错觉的成因一直很神秘。我们之前提出，长度收缩错觉的产生是因为大脑运用带有低速预期的贝叶斯推理来解读点状刺激序列。我们的贝叶斯观察者模型的一个新预测是，如果使刺激更难定位，长度收缩应该会加剧。在此我们报告一项触觉心理物理学研究，该研究对这一预测进行了检验。20名受试者比较前臂上的两段距离：一段由间隔1秒的两次轻拍所定义的固定参考距离，以及一段由间隔t≤1秒的两次轻拍所定义的可调节比较距离。我们观察到明显的长度收缩：随着t的减小，只有当比较距离逐渐大于参考距离时，受试者才会认为这两段距离相等。此外，使用更轻柔的轻拍显著增强了受试者的长度收缩。这些发现证实了该模型的预测，支持了时空感知是贝叶斯推理过程所产生的最佳估计这一观点。
To perceive, the brain must interpret stimulus-evoked neural activity. This is challenging: The stochastic nature of the neural response renders its interpretation inherently uncertain. Perception would be optimized if the brain used Bayesian inference to interpret inputs in light of expectations derived from experience. Bayesian inference would improve perception on average but cause illusions when stimuli violate expectation. Intriguingly, tactile, auditory, and visual perception are all prone to length contraction illusions, characterized by the dramatic underestimation of the distance between punctate stimuli delivered in rapid succession; the origin of these illusions has been mysterious. We previously proposed that length contraction illusions occur because the brain interprets punctate stimulus sequences using Bayesian inference with a low-velocity expectation. A novel prediction of our Bayesian observer model is that length contraction should intensify if stimuli are made more difficult to localize. Here we report a tactile psychophysical study that tested this prediction. Twenty humans compared two distances on the forearm: a fixed reference distance defined by two taps with 1-s temporal separation and an adjustable comparison distance defined by two taps with temporal separation t ≤ 1 s. We observed significant length contraction: As t was decreased, participants perceived the two distances as equal only when the comparison distance was made progressively greater than the reference distance. Furthermore, the use of weaker taps significantly enhanced participants' length contraction. These findings confirm the model's predictions, supporting the view that the spatiotemporal percept is a best estimate resulting from a Bayesian inference process.
多稳态双眼特征整合感知被间歇性呈现所冻结。
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Kang,Para;Shevell,Steven
通讯作者：
Shevell,Steven