SCALS: a fourth-generation study of assisted living technologies in their organisational, social, political and policy context.
SCALS: a fourth-generation study of assisted living technologies in their organisational, social, political and policy context.
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DOI：
10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010208
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发表时间：
2016-02-15
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Stones R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greenhalgh T;Shaw S;Wherton J;Hughes G;Lynch J;A'Court C;Hinder S;Fahy N;Byrne E;Finlayson A;Sorell T;Procter R;Stones R
迄今为止，辅助生活技术的研究大致分为三代：技术设计、实验试验和患者体验的定性研究。我们描述了第四代范式：在组织、社会、政治和政策背景下研究辅助生活技术。第四代研究必然是有机的、新兴的；他们将技术视为动态、网络化且可能不稳定的系统的一部分。他们使用协同设计方法来生成和稳定本地解决方案，同时考虑上下文。 SCALS（共同创建辅助生活解决方案研究）（目前）由 5 个组织案例研究组成，每个案例研究都是英国健康或社会护理组织，致力于引入技术支持的服务，以支持有健康和/或社会护理需求的人们的独立生活。我们将这些案例视为复杂的系统，试图探索相互依赖、出现和冲突。我们采用基于行动研究原则的协同设计方法来帮助参与组织建立、完善和评估他们的服务。为此，我们正在对人们对辅助生活技术的体验进行深入的人种学研究（微观层面），嵌入使用访谈、人种学和文件分析（中观层面）的不断发展的组织案例研究中，并探索辅助生活技术和政策的更广泛的国家和国际背景（宏观层面）。将使用从结构理论开发的社会技术框架来分析数据。前 4 个案例研究的研究伦理已获得批准。一个重要的成果将是从个别协同设计案例研究中吸取的教训。我们将记录研究的可信度和严谨性，并评估研究结果到其他环境的可移植性，同时也认识到研究结果产生的背景的独特方面。学术成果将包括跨案例分析以及第四代辅助生活技术研究理论和方法的进展。我们将为组织、政策制定者、设计师和服务用户提供实用指南。
Research to date into assisted living technologies broadly consists of 3 generations: technical design, experimental trials and qualitative studies of the patient experience. We describe a fourth-generation paradigm: studies of assisted living technologies in their organisational, social, political and policy context. Fourth-generation studies are necessarily organic and emergent; they view technology as part of a dynamic, networked and potentially unstable system. They use co-design methods to generate and stabilise local solutions, taking account of context. SCALS (Studies in Co-creating Assisted Living Solutions) consists (currently) of 5 organisational case studies, each an English health or social care organisation striving to introduce technology-supported services to support independent living in people with health and/or social care needs. Treating these cases as complex systems, we seek to explore interdependencies, emergence and conflict. We employ a co-design approach informed by the principles of action research to help participating organisations establish, refine and evaluate their service. To that end, we are conducting in-depth ethnographic studies of people's experience of assisted living technologies (micro level), embedded in evolving organisational case studies that use interviews, ethnography and document analysis (meso level), and exploring the wider national and international context for assisted living technologies and policy (macro level). Data will be analysed using a sociotechnical framework developed from structuration theory. Research ethics approval for the first 4 case studies has been granted. An important outcome will be lessons learned from individual co-design case studies. We will document the studies’ credibility and rigour, and assess the transferability of findings to other settings while also recognising unique aspects of the contexts in which they were generated. Academic outputs will include a cross-case analysis and progress in theory and method of fourth-generation assisted living technology research. We will produce practical guidance for organisations, policymakers, designers and service users.