Building Resilience to Chronic Landslide Hazard Through Citizen Science
Building Resilience to Chronic Landslide Hazard Through Citizen Science
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/feart.2019.00278
复制
发表时间：
2019-11-07
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Dhakal, Amrit
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cieslik, Katarzyna;Shakya, Puja;Dhakal, Amrit
山体滑坡破坏生计，造成生命损失，并对财产和基础设施造成破坏。就尼泊尔而言，由于日益增加的对边际土地的占用和气候变化造成的极端天气事件，山体滑坡的破坏性影响一直在稳步增加。特别是，由于报告不足，季节性浅层滑坡的影响被低估，而且缺乏适当的政策应对措施。在本文中，我们认为，公民科学的做法，将广大公众的知识共同生产的过程中，可能有助于解决这个问题，增加知识基础的利益相关者在不同层次。我们提出的初步结果，从两个滑坡网站在尼泊尔西部，在Bajhang和Bajura，滑坡EVO研究项目，包括公民科学的组成部分，目前正在实施的跨学科范围研究。该项目的目的是创新参与式环境监测，并为支持复原力提供证据。我们的探索性定性调查概述了当地社区目前采用的战略，继续生活在滑坡影响地区。这些因素包括人口变化和模式、土地使用变化和职业多样化。我们认为，这些现有的地方适应和缓解的做法复合了丰富的经验知识。基于文献证据，以及我们的第一手经验，开始公民科学活动的滑坡网站，我们认为，公民科学有潜力建立在当地的知识基础和加强适应能力的不同层次的利益相关者。我们的理论贡献是公民科学干预的类型学建议。我们区分社区科学，参与式环境监测和虚拟公民科学，提供它们如何在不同层次和/或不同类型的研究利益相关者的例子。最后，我们研究的方式，不同类型的公民科学可以应用在我们的案例研究网站，指定的条件下，他们可以达到最大的效用。
Landslides disrupt livelihoods, cause loss of human lives and damages to property and infrastructure. In the case of Nepal, the destructive impact of landslides has been steadily increasing as a result of the rising occupation of marginal land and extreme weather events caused by climate change. In particular, the impacts of seasonal, shallow landslides have been underestimated due to underreporting, and lack appropriate policy response. Within this paper, we argue that citizen science - the practice of incorporating the general public in the process of knowledge co-production - may help address this issue by increasing the knowledge base of stakeholders at different levels. We present the preliminary results from an interdisciplinary scoping study of two landslide sites in Western Nepal, in Bajhang and Bajura, where the Landslide-EVO research project, including a citizen science component, is currently being implemented. The aim of the project is to innovate participatory environmental monitoring and to generate evidence to support resilience. Our exploratory qualitative investigation outlines the strategies currently employed by the local communities that continue living in the landslide affected areas. These include demographic shifts and patterns, land use changes and occupational diversification. We argue that these existing local adaptation and mitigation practices compound a wealth of experiential knowledge. Based on evidence from literature, as well as our first-hand experience of starting citizen science activities in the both landslide sites, we argue that citizen science has the potential to build on local knowledge base and strengthen the adaptive capacities of different level stakeholders. Our theoretical contribution is the proposed typology of citizen-science interventions. We distinguish between community science, participatory environmental monitoring and virtual citizen science, providing examples of how they can benefit stakeholders at different levels and/or different types of research. Finally, we examine the ways in which different types of citizen science could be applied in our case study sites, specifying the conditions under which they can attain maximum usefulness.