Memory performance of late middle-aged adults: Contrasting self-stereotyping and stereotype threat accounts of assimilation to age stereotypes
Memory performance of late middle-aged adults: Contrasting self-stereotyping and stereotype threat accounts of assimilation to age stereotypes
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DOI：
10.1521/soco.2006.24.3.338
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发表时间：
2006-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Hummert, Mary Lee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Brien, Laurie T.;Hummert, Mary Lee
本研究的目的是对比刻板印象威胁和自我刻板印象帐户的行为同化的年龄刻板印象，并探讨身份在这一过程中的作用。根据随机分配，89名中年晚期（48-62岁; M = 54）的成年人被告知他们的记忆表现将与70岁以上的人（低威胁条件），25岁以下的人（高威胁条件）进行比较，或者他们没有收到比较信息（对照）。结果表明，参与者启动与假定非威胁性类别“老年人”的表现显着不如在一个词的回忆测试比参与者启动与类别“年轻人”和参与者在控制条件。研究结果受到内隐年龄认同的影响，只有那些已经开始向老年人身份过渡的参与者受到操纵的影响。这些研究结果提供了证据，自我刻板印象和刻板印象威胁是不同的解释刻板印象同化，并提供支持自我刻板印象的行为同化刻板印象的帐户。
The goals of this study were to contrast stereotype threat and self-stereotyping accounts of behavioral assimilation to age stereotypes and to investigate the role of identity in that process. Based on random assignment, 89 adults in late middle-age (48-62 years; M = 54) were told that their memory performance would be compared to that of people over 70 (low threat condition), people under 25 (high threat condition), or they received no comparison information (control). Results showed that participants primed with the presumably non-threatening category "older adults" performed significantly worse on a word recall test than participants primed with the category "younger adults" and participants in the control condition. The results were moderated by implicit age identity-only participants who had begun making the identity transition into older adulthood were affected by the manipulation. These findings offer evidence that self-stereotyping and stereotype threat are distinct explanations for stereotype assimilation and offer support for a self-stereotyping account of behavioral assimilation to stereotypes.