Extensive microsatellite diversity in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax
Extensive microsatellite diversity in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gene.2007.11.022
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发表时间：
2008-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Wirth, Dyann F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karunaweera, Nadira D.;Ferreira, Marcelo U.;Wirth, Dyann F.
间日疟原虫的种群结构仍然难以捉摸。真核生物大规模群体遗传学研究的首选标记，即被称为微卫星的短串联重复，最近据报道在间日疟原虫中多态性较低。在这里，我们使用 14 个由三核苷酸或四核苷酸重复组成的新标记，在局部和全球水平上研究了间日疟原虫的微卫星多样性和地理结构。当地水平的分析涉及来自斯里兰卡的 50 个野外分离株，结果显示该疟疾低度流行地区具有出乎意料的高多样性（平均虚拟杂合度 [H-E]，0.807）和显着的多位点连锁不平衡。 2005 年采样的分离株中有 60% 发生多克隆感染。对野外分离株或猴适应株的全球水平分析在来自四大洲的 164 种寄生虫中鉴定出了 150 种独特的单倍型。单个间日疟原虫分离株不能明确地归属于地理种群。例如，我们发现来自中美洲、非洲、东南亚和大洋洲的寄生虫之间的差异相对较小，但来自同一大陆（南亚和东南亚）甚至同一国家（巴西）的寄生虫之间存在显着差异。寄生虫复发可能会延长间日疟原虫在人类体内的传播时间，从而促进菌株在各大洲的传播，破坏任何先前存在的地理结构。 (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
The population structure of Plasmodium vivax remains elusive. The markers of choice for large-scale population genetic studies of eukaryotes, short tandem repeats known as microsatellites, have been recently reported to be less polymorphic in R vivax. Here we investigate the microsatellite diversity and geographic structure in P vivax, at both local and global levels, using 14 new markers consisting of tri- or tetranucleotide repeats. The local-level analysis, which involved 50 field isolates from Sri Lanka, revealed unexpectedly high diversity (average virtual heterozygosity [H-E], 0.807) and significant multilocus linkage disequilibrium in this region of low malaria endemicity. Multiple-clone infections occurred in 60% of isolates sampled in 2005. The global-level analysis of field isolates or monkey-adapted strains identified 150 unique haplotypes among 164 parasites from four continents. Individual P. vivax isolates could not be unambiguously assigned to geographic populations. For example, we found relatively low divergence among parasites from Central America, Africa, Southeast Asia and Oceania, but substantial differentiation between parasites from the same continent (South Asia and Southeast Asia) or even from the same country (Brazil). Parasite relapses, which may extend the duration of P. vivax carriage in humans, are suggested to facilitate the spread of strains across continents, breaking down any pre-existing geographic structure. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.