The negation of the Braess paradox as demand increases: The wisdom of crowds in transportation networks
The negation of the Braess paradox as demand increases: The wisdom of crowds in transportation networks
复制标题
DOI：
10.1209/0295-5075/91/48002
复制
发表时间：
2010-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Nagurney, A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nagurney, A.
在著名的布雷斯悖论（Braess D., Unternehmenforschung, 12 (1968) 258）中，在特定拥挤的交通网络中增加一条新路线会使所有旅行者的个人旅行成本（时间）变得更糟。在本文中，我们考虑这样的假设：在拥堵的网络中，布雷斯悖论可能会在更高的需求下“消失”，并且我们通过推导一个公式来证明这一假设，该公式提供了需求的增加，该公式将保证增加新路线将不再增加出行成本，因为新路径将不再被使用。这个结果对于任何最初发生布雷斯悖论的网络都是成立的。这表明，在拥堵、不合作的网络（交通网络就是一个典型例子）的情况下，更高的需求将否定被称为布雷斯悖论的反直觉现象。同时，这一结果表明，在设计包括交通网络在内的网络基础设施时应格外谨慎，因为在更高的需求下，甚至可能不会使用新的路线/路径！
In the well-known Braess paradox (Braess D., Unternehmenforschung, 12 (1968) 258), the addition of a new route in a specific congested transportation network made all the travelers worse off in terms of their individual travel cost (time). In this paper, we consider the hypothesis that, in congested networks, the Braess paradox may "disappear" under higher demands, and we prove this hypothesis by deriving a formula that provides the increase in demand that will guarantee that the addition of that new route will no longer increase travel cost since the new path will no longer be used. This result is established for any network in which the Braess paradox originally occurs. This suggests that, in the case of congested, noncooperative networks, of which transportation networks are a prime example, a higher demand will negate the counterintuitive phenomenon known as the Braess paradox. At the same time, this result demonstrates that extreme caution should be taken in the design of network infrastructure, including transportation networks, since at higher demands, new routes/pathways may not even be used!