Supercooling of Water
Supercooling of Water
复制标题
水的过冷
DOI：
10.5772/39200
复制
发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
P. Wilson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Wilson
水具有复杂的相图，其中包含16个以上的结晶相、两个玻璃相和液体，其显示出许多独特的行为，特别是在-45 °C的区域（三岛和Stanley 1998，Stokely等人2010）。即使在存在更稳定相的条件下，它也可以保持液体状态，在这些条件下被称为过冷。通过播种可以促使过冷水变成冰，而最好的种子就是冰本身。从Fahrenheit的早期工作开始，过冷溶液的成核研究已经有近300年的历史了（参见Shaw et al. 2005）。长期以来，水一直被认为是一种不寻常的液体，今天仍在继续进行重要的研究，研究异常现象，如可压缩性（Abascal和Vega 2011）以及水被限制在纳米尺度时的迷人趋势（Strekalova等人，2011）。高压密度波动也是一个正在进行的研究领域（三岛，2010年），正如所谓的“无人区”一样，这是一个相图区域，存在于均匀成核温度以下（~ -38 °C）和可以发现无定形冰的温度以上（~ -118 °C）（摩尔和Molinero，2010年）。
Water has a complex phase diagram with more than 16 crystalline phases, two glass phases and liquid which displays many unique behaviors, especially in the region of -45 °C (Mishima and Stanley 1998, Stokely et al. 2010). It can remain a liquid even under conditions where a more stable phase exists, and in those conditions is said to be supercooled. Supercooled water can be prompted to turn into ice by seeding, and the best seed is ice itself. The nucleation of supercooled solutions has been studied for almost 300 years beginning with the early works by Fahrenheit (see Shaw et al. 2005). Water has long been known as an unusual liquid and significant research continues today into anomalies such as the compressibility (Abascal and Vega 2011) and the fascinating tendencies when water is confined to nanoscale dimensions (Strekalova et al. 2011). High pressure density fluctuations are also an ongoing research area (Mishima 2010), as is the so-called “no man’s land”, a region of the phase diagram existing below the homogeneous nucleation temperature (~ -38 °C) and above where amorphous ice can be found (~ -118 °C) (Moore and Molinero 2010).