Antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens and immunomodulatory effects and toxicity of geopropolis produced by the stingless bee Melipona fasciculata Smith
Antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens and immunomodulatory effects and toxicity of geopropolis produced by the stingless bee Melipona fasciculata Smith
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DOI：
10.1186/1472-6882-11-108
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发表时间：
2011-11-04
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Monteiro-Neto, Valerio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Liberio, Silvana A.;Pereira, Antonio Luis A.;Monteiro-Neto, Valerio
背景：Meliponini部落的本土蜜蜂产生一种独特的蜜蜂，称为geoclonal。虽然许多药理活性已经证明，geopolysaccharide，特别是关于其对口腔病原体的抗菌活性知之甚少。本研究旨在研究M. fasciculata geophilus对口腔病原菌的作用;变形菌生物膜和提取物的化学含量。还分析了用土贝母提取物制备的凝胶对S.方法：采用琼脂扩散法和肉汤稀释法，分别对土贝母的3种水醇提取物（HAE）和1种提取物的正己烷和氯仿组分进行抑菌活性评价。乙醇（70%，v/v）和氯己定（0.12%，w/w）分别用作阴性和阳性对照。分光光度法测定总酚和总黄酮含量。通过局部应用于小鼠口腔，然后通过定量生化和免疫学参数以及动物器官的宏观-微观分析来评估免疫毒性。和C. albicans，但对L.嗜酸乳杆菌HAE-2和HAE-3对S.变形杆菌的浓度分别为6.25 mg/mL和12.5 mg/mL。将HAE-2分级，其氯仿级分的MBC为14.57 mg/mL。HAE-2对S.处理3小时后的变形杆菌生物膜。样品间总酚和类黄酮浓度存在显着差异（p < 0.05）。结果表明，在应用蜂胶凝胶后，没有观察到毒性反应的迹象，但检测到抗炎细胞因子IL-4和IL-10的产生增加。fasciculata对S.和C. albicans，对S.变形杆菌生物膜具有最高黄酮浓度的提取物HAE-2呈现最高的抗菌活性。此外，基于土蜂胶的凝胶在动物模型中是无毒的，并显示出抗炎作用。
Background: Native bees of the tribe Meliponini produce a distinct kind of propolis called geopropolis. Although many pharmacological activities of propolis have already been demonstrated, little is known about geopropolis, particularly regarding its antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens. The present study aimed at investigating the antimicrobial activity of M. fasciculata geopropolis against oral pathogens, its effects on S. mutans biofilms, and the chemical contents of the extracts. A gel prepared with a geopropolis extract was also analyzed for its activity on S. mutans and its immunotoxicological potential.Methods: Antimicrobial activities of three hydroalcoholic extracts (HAEs) of geopropolis, and hexane and chloroform fractions of one extract, were evaluated using the agar diffusion method and the broth dilution technique. Ethanol (70%, v/v) and chlorhexidine (0.12%, w/w) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Total phenol and flavonoid concentrations were assayed by spectrophotometry. Immunotoxicity was evaluated in mice by topical application in the oral cavity followed by quantification of biochemical and immunological parameters, and macro-microscopic analysis of animal organs.Results: Two extracts, HAE-2 and HAE-3, showed inhibition zones ranging from 9 to 13 mm in diameter for S. mutans and C. albicans, but presented no activity against L. acidophilus. The MBCs for HAE-2 and HAE-3 against S. mutans were 6.25 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively. HAE-2 was fractionated, and its chloroform fraction had an MBC of 14.57 mg/mL. HAE-2 also exhibited bactericidal effects on S. mutans biofilms after 3 h of treatment. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in total phenol and flavonoid concentrations were observed among the samples. Signs toxic effects were not observed after application of the geopropolis-based gel, but an increase in the production of IL-4 and IL-10, anti-inflammatory cytokines, was detected.Conclusions: In summary, geopropolis produced by M. fasciculata can exert antimicrobial action against S. mutans and C. albicans, with significant inhibitory activity against S. mutans biofilms. The extract with the highest flavonoid concentration, HAE-2, presented the highest antimicrobial activity. In addition, a geopropolis-based gel is not toxic in an animal model and displays anti-inflammatory effect.