The formation of Pangea
The formation of Pangea
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tecto.2013.02.037
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发表时间：
2013-05
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
G. Stampfli;C. Hochard;C. Vérard;C. Wilhem;J. vonRaumer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Stampfli;C. Hochard;C. Vérard;C. Wilhem;J. vonRaumer
泛大陆的形成是大陆和微大陆大规模合并的结果，这种合并始于新元古代末期冈瓦纳的形成。随着冈瓦纳大陆在南美、南极洲和澳大利亚一侧的碎片被添加到冈瓦纳大陆上，带状微大陆从其非洲和中国南部一侧分离出来：新元古代晚期的Cadomia，奥陶纪的Avalonia和Humia，泥盆纪的Galatia和二叠纪的Cimmeria。Cadomia被重新增生到冈瓦纳，但其他带状大陆被增生到波罗的海，华北，劳鲁西亚或劳亚。寻找这些众多的火山岩的起源是一个重大的地质挑战。最近，洛桑大学开发了一个全球板块构造模型和一个大型地质/地球动力学数据库，涵盖了地球历史的最后600 Ma。特别注意的是，冈瓦纳派生的岩石在其原始位置的放置，使用所有可能的限制。我们在这里提出了一个解决方案的华力西山脉，另一份文件涉及阿尔泰山脉。在古特提斯打开的泥盆纪期间，加拉太的超级大陆从冈瓦纳分离出来，并迅速分成四个子大陆，开始相互绕过。在泥盆纪末期，领头的两个希腊人与从劳鲁西亚分离出来的汉萨同盟希腊人发生了碰撞。在石炭纪，冈瓦纳开始撞击合并的古陆，形成华力西链和盘古超大陆。西班牙东部的古特提斯直到三叠纪都是开放的，向北俯冲到劳亚大陆之下。古特提斯板块的回滚引发了大部分欧洲华力西造山带的崩溃，被一系列二叠纪裂谷所取代，其中一些在三叠纪成为海洋化的弧后盆地。在三叠纪末期，盘古大陆板块边界的主要力量变化通过原始加勒比海、大西洋中部、阿尔卑斯-特提斯洋航道的开放而引发了它的分裂。
The making of Pangea is the result of large-scale amalgamation of continents and micro-continents, which started at the end of the Neoproterozoic with the formation of Gondwana. As pieces were added to Gondwana on its South-American, Antarctica and Australia side, ribbon-like micro-continents were detached from its African and South-Chinese side: Cadomia in the late Neoproterozoic, Avalonia and Hunia in the Ordovician, Galatia in the Devonian and Cimmeria in the Permian. Cadomia was re-accreted to Gondwana, but the other ribbon-continents were accreted to Baltica, North-China, Laurussia or Laurasia. Finding the origin of these numerous terranes is a major geological challenge. Recently, a global plate tectonic model was developed together with a large geological/geodynamic database, at the Lausanne University, covering the last 600Ma of the Earth's history. Special attention was given to the placing of Gondwana derived terranes in their original position, using all possible constraints. We propose here a solution for the Variscan terranes, another paper deals with the Altaids. The Galatian super-terrane was detached from Gondwana in the Devonian, during the opening of Paleotethys, and was quickly separated into four sub-terranes that started to by-pass each other. The leading terranes collided at the end of the Devonian with the Hanseatic terrane detached from Laurussia. In the Carboniferous, Gondwana started to impinge onto the amalgamated terranes, creating the Variscan chain and the Pangean super-continent. East of Spain Paleotethys remained opened until the Triassic, subducting northward under Laurasia. Roll-back of the Paleotethyan slab triggered the collapse of most of the European Variscan orogen, which was replaced by series of Permian rifts, some of them becoming oceanized back-arc basins during the Triassic. Major force changes at the Pangean plate limits at the end of the Triassic provoked its break-up, through the opening of the proto-Caribbean, central-Atlantic, Alpine-Tethys oceanic seaways.