The Relative Price of Services
The Relative Price of Services
复制标题
服务的相对价格
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Timmer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Inklaar;M. Timmer
国内生产总值相对于汇率的价格随着人均收入的增加而增加，这被称为“便士效应”。这通常归因于较贫穷国家的服务比商品便宜。在本文中，我们重新审查的Penn-effect的基础上，一套新的购买力平价的工业产出。这些都是估计在一个扩大的Geary-Khamis方法使用价格的最终产品，出口和进口。2005年，由此产生的多边公私伙伴关系涵盖42个国家的35个行业。我们发现各种服务行业的相对价格变化很大。特别是，彭氏效应似乎主要是由于非市场服务的产出价格迅速上升。这似乎主要与该部门的高劳动强度有关。
Prices of GDP relative to the exchange rate increase with income per capita, which is known as the Penn-effect. This is generally attributed to services being cheaper relative to goods in poorer countries. In this paper we re-examine the Penn-effect based on a new set of PPPs for industry output. These are estimated in an augmented Geary–Khamis approach using prices for final goods, exports, and imports. The resulting multilateral PPPs cover 35 industries in 42 countries for the year 2005. We find large variation in relative prices of various services industries. In particular the Penn-effect appears to be mostly due to the rapidly rising output prices of non-market services. This seems related mainly to the high labor intensity of that sector.