Gendered violence in natural disasters: Learning from New Orleans, Haiti and Christchurch
Gendered violence in natural disasters: Learning from New Orleans, Haiti and Christchurch
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自然灾害中的性别暴力：新奥尔良、海地和基督城的经验教训
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发表时间：
2016
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通讯作者：
J. True
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作者：
J. True
为什么与男性相比，女性在灾难中如此容易遭受暴力和死亡？这篇文章调查了从洪水、干旱和饥荒到地震、海啸和飓风等自然灾害形式的全球环境力量如何以不同的方式影响女性和男性。众所周知，灾害对基于性别的暴力有直接和间接的影响，特别是对妇女和女童的暴力，显示出灾难后暴力和脆弱性加剧的模式。这些按性别划分的影响与社会工作理论、实践和宣传直接相关，社会工作力求增进社会福祉，防止家庭和社区在灾害期间和灾后发生暴力行为。文章认为，在灾难发生前，妇女相对于男子的经济和社会地位不平等，这决定了她们在危机期间和之后遭受暴力的程度。如果备灾、灾后恢复计划和人道主义援助不处理基于性别的暴力和妇女的特殊需要，那么妇女和女孩的脆弱性就会增加。本文基于对2010-2011年克赖斯特彻奇地震反应的初步研究，结合我们对2009年海地类似震级地震的反应情况所知的背景，提供了一些经验教训。它从这项研究中得出社会工作理论、实践和宣传方面的启示，强调确保未来的灾害规划和决策对性别问题有敏感认识的重要性。
Why are women so vulnerable to violence and death as a result of disaster compared with men? This article investigates how global environmental forces in the form of natural disasters from floods, droughts and famines to earthquakes, tsunamis and hurricanes affect women and men differently. Disasters are known to have direct and indirect impacts on gender- based violence particularly against women and girls, revealing a pattern of heightened violence and vulnerability in their aftermath. These gendered impacts are directly relevant to social work theory, practice and advocacy, which seek to promote social wellbeing and to prevent violence in homes and communities during and in the aftermath of disasters. The article argues that women's unequal economic and social status relative to men before a disaster strikes determines the extent of their vulnerability to violence during and after a crisis. If gender-based violence and women's particular needs are not addressed in disaster preparedness, disaster recovery plans and humanitarian assistance, then women and girls' vulnerability will increase. The article offers some lessons based on primary research of responses to the 2010-2011 Christchurch earthquakes against the backdrop of what we know about the responses to an earthquake of similar magnitude in Haiti in 2009. It draws implications from this research for social work theory, practice and advocacy, highlighting the importance of ensuring that future disaster planning and decision making is gender-sensitive.