Simulating the Circumambulation of the Ka'aba using SimWalk
Simulating the Circumambulation of the Ka'aba using SimWalk
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使用 SimWalk 模拟天房的循环
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ibtesam M. Abu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Z. Zainuddin;K. Thinakaran;Ibtesam M. Abu
行人流量的研究对于模拟行人路径非常重要，这将有助于设计适当的步行设施，以避免在恐慌和疏散情况下发生灾难。迄今为止，已经推出了许多模型，包括效益成本元胞模型、元胞自动机模型、磁力模型和社会力模型（SFM）。 SFM 是行人模型的最新形式，广泛应用于计算机模拟软件中，因为该模型更加真实，具有排斥力和吸引力的特点。行人模型的方程基于二阶微分方程，可以使用标准数值技术求解。本工作利用行人模拟计算机软件SimWalk对行人流的模拟进行研究。该软件可以设计行人步行区域并模拟行人在人群中的运动。 SimWalk 使用 SFM 作为基本方程来寻找行人的路径。该软件中设计行人行走路径的基本算法是最短路径算法，即行人在避开所有障碍物后找到到达目的地的最短路线。以绕天房的研究为例，进行塔瓦夫（Tawaf）是朝觐时的仪式之一。塔瓦夫的过程包括逆时针方向绕天房七次。在这种情况下，朝圣者面临两个主要问题。首先是朝觐季节香客泛滥。行人数量过多，会造成人群拥堵，行人互相推挤可能引发灾难。老年朝圣者和妇女在完成七轮比赛时面临困难。其次，进入塔瓦夫地区不受限制，导致朝圣者同时从各个方向涌入。这项研究提出了各种缓解措施，以缓解与绕行天房相关的问题。进入 Tawaf 区域的入口是定向且有限的，并使用 SimWalk 进行模拟，以比较完成七轮所需时间的差异。
The study of pedestrian flow is important to simulate pedestrian path which would help in the design of proper walking facilities to avoid disasters during panic and evacuation situations. To date, many models have been introduced which includes the Benefit Cost Cellular Model, Cellular Automata Model, Magnetic Force Model and the Social Force Model(SFM). The SFM is the most recent form of pedestrian model and is widely used in computer simulation software as the model is more realistic which is characterised by repulsion and attractive forces. The equations of pedestrian models are based on second order differential equations which can be solved using standard numerical techniques. This work uses the pedestrian simulation computer software, SimWalk, to study the simulation of pedestrian flow. This software can design pedestrian walking areas and simulate the movement of pedestrians in a crowd. SimWalk uses the SFM as its basic equation to find the pedestrian’s path. The basic algorithm to design the pedestrian walking path in this software is the shortest-path algorithm where the pedestrian finds the shortest route to reach his/her destination after avoiding all the obstacles. The study of circumambulation of the Ka’aba is taken as an illustrative example, where performing Tawaf is one of the rituals when performing Hajj. The process of Tawaf involves circumambulating the Ka’aba seven times in a counter clockwise direction. The pilgrims face two main problems in this situation. The first is the overflowing of the pilgrims during the Hajj season. The large number of pedestrians will cause crowd congestion and may cause disasters as pedestrians push into each other. Elderly pilgrims and women face difficulties in completing the seven rounds. Secondly, entry into the Tawaf area is unlimited which causes pilgrims to flow in from various directions at the same time. This study suggests various mitigation measures to alleviate the problems associated to circumambulation of the Ka’aba. The entries into the Tawaf area are directed and limited and simulations are done using SimWalk to compare the differences of the time taken to complete the seven rounds.