The Warburg effect: 80 years on.
The Warburg effect: 80 years on.
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DOI：
10.1042/bst20160094
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发表时间：
2016-10-15
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Morten KJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Potter M;Newport E;Morten KJ
Warburg和Cori在20世纪20年代进行的有影响力的研究点燃了人们对癌细胞的能量产生与正常细胞能量产生的不同之处的兴趣。他们观察到，与正常细胞相比，癌细胞消耗了高葡萄糖，并排出了大量乳酸，正常细胞通过线粒体氧化葡萄糖。因此，人们认为癌细胞是通过糖酵解而不是线粒体氧化磷酸化来产生能量的，而且线粒体功能失调。从那时起，研究技术的进步表明，癌细胞中的线粒体在一系列肿瘤类型中具有功能。然而，不同的肿瘤群体有不同的生物能量变化来满足他们的高能量需求；Warburg效应并不是在所有类型的癌症中都是一致的。这篇综述将讨论癌症的代谢重新编程，对Warburg观察到的癌细胞高葡萄糖消耗的可能解释，并建议我们在研究癌症新陈代谢时应该考虑的关键实验实践。
Influential research by Warburg and Cori in the 1920s ignited interest in how cancer cells' energy generation is different from that of normal cells. They observed high glucose consumption and large amounts of lactate excretion from cancer cells compared with normal cells, which oxidised glucose using mitochondria. It was therefore assumed that cancer cells were generating energy using glycolysis rather than mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and that the mitochondria were dysfunctional. Advances in research techniques since then have shown the mitochondria in cancer cells to be functional across a range of tumour types. However, different tumour populations have different bioenergetic alterations in order to meet their high energy requirement; the Warburg effect is not consistent across all cancer types. This review will discuss the metabolic reprogramming of cancer, possible explanations for the high glucose consumption in cancer cells observed by Warburg, and suggest key experimental practices we should consider when studying the metabolism of cancer.