Infant growth patterns of the mandible in modern humans: a closer exploration of the developmental interactions between the symphyseal bone, the teeth, and the suprahyoid and tongue muscle insertion sites
Infant growth patterns of the mandible in modern humans: a closer exploration of the developmental interactions between the symphyseal bone, the teeth, and the suprahyoid and tongue muscle insertion sites
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DOI：
10.1111/joa.12008
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发表时间：
2013-02-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Weber, Gerhard W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coquerelle, Michael;Carlos Prados-Frutos, Juan;Weber, Gerhard W.
智力区域的个体发育在人类的生长、发育和系统发育中仍然提出了许多悬而未决的问题。在我们的研究中，我们检验了DuBrul&Sinher(1954)(The Adapting Chin)的假设。伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德：查尔斯)和恩洛(1990)(面部生长，第三版)。宾夕法尼亚州费城：桑德斯)解释了在解剖学上现代人类中存在一个突出的精神区域。特别是，我们测试了智区的突出和牙齿的位置是否都与舌头的发育重新定位和舌骨上肌肉插入联合的舌侧有关。此外，我们还测试了心理区域的发育是否与声道后部的发育有关。应用几何形态计量学方法，测量了36例活体CT扫描标本的下颌骨和牙齿表面的三维形态，包括舌头位置、颧舌骨和二腹肌的附着点。标本的年龄范围从出生到乳齿列的完全出现。我们使用多元回归和两区组偏最小二乘分析来研究智区、肌肉附着点和牙齿之间跨年龄段和在年龄段内的协变。为了证实我们的3D横断面样本的结果，并将其与面部生长以及颈椎和舌骨的位置联系起来，我们使用了来自丹佛纵向生长研究的8名儿童的46张侧位片。3D分析表明，联合下缘的舌侧向下和向前发展。这些形状的改变与肌肉附着点的移位以及前牙露出前的垂直重新定向显著相关。2D分析证实，随着脑区突起的发展，由于面中上缩和直立体位的获得，喉咽的空间变得受限。与DuBrul&Sinher(1954)和Enlow(1990)的假设一致，我们的结果表明，一个突出的智力区域的存在响应于声道后部的空间限制，以及舌骨上肌肉的包装，以保持喉咽在呼吸、进食和说话过程中的功能。
The ontogenetic development of the mental region still poses a number of unresolved questions in human growth, development and phylogeny. In our study we examine the hypotheses of DuBrul & Sicher (1954) (The Adaptive Chin. Springfield, IL: Charles) and Enlow (1990) (Facial Growth, 3rd edn. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders) to explain the presence of a prominent mental region in anatomically modern humans. In particular, we test whether the prominence of the mental region and the positioning of the teeth are both correlated with the developmental relocation of the tongue and the suprahyoid muscles inserting at the lingual side of the symphysis. Furthermore, we test whether the development of the mental region is associated with the development of the back of the vocal tract. Using geometric morphometric methods, we measured the 3D mandibular and tooth surfaces in a cross-sectional sample of 36 CT-scanned living humans, incorporating the positions of the tongue and the geniohyoid and digastric muscle insertions. The specimens' ages range from birth to the complete emergence of the deciduous dentition. We used multivariate regression and two-block partial least squares (PLS) analysis to study the covariation among the mental region, the muscle insertions, and the teeth both across and within age stages. In order to confirm our results from the 3D cross-sectional sample, and to relate them to facial growth and the position of the cervical column and the hyoid bone, we used 46 lateral radiographs of eight children from the longitudinal Denver Growth Study. The 3D analysis demonstrates that the lingual side of the lower border of the symphysis develops downwards and forwards. These shape changes are significantly correlated with the relocation of muscle insertion sites and also with the vertical reorientation of the anterior teeth prior to emergence. The 2D analysis confirms the idea that as the mental region prominence develops, the space of the laryngopharynx becomes restricted due to upper mid-face retraction and the acquisition of upright body posture. In agreement with the hypotheses of DuBrul & Sicher (1954) and Enlow (1990), our results suggest that the presence of a prominent mental region responds to the space restriction at the back of the vocal tract, and to the packaging of the tongue and suprahyoid muscles in order to preserve the functionality of the laryngopharynx during respiration, feeding and speech.