Phenyl Isothiocyanate Performance on Purple Nutsedge under Virtually Impermeable Film Mulch
Phenyl Isothiocyanate Performance on Purple Nutsedge under Virtually Impermeable Film Mulch
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DOI：
10.21273/horttech.20.2.402
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发表时间：
2010-04
期刊：
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
S. K. Bangarwa;J. Norsworthy;E. Gbur;J. Mattice
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. K. Bangarwa;J. Norsworthy;E. Gbur;J. Mattice
紫莎草（Cyperus rotundus）是美国南部蔬菜作物中的一种麻烦杂草。溴甲烷广泛用于有效控制聚乙烯覆盖蔬菜作物中的紫莎草。随着美国即将禁止甲基溴，需要一种有效的替代品。实验室和温室实验进行，以确定苯基异硫氰酸酯（ITC）的浓度和曝光时间对紫莎草块茎的活力的影响，并比较苯基ITC在低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）和几乎不渗透的膜（VIF）覆盖下的土壤中的保留。此外，还进行了田间试验，以评价苯基ITC在VIF覆盖下对紫莎草的防治效果。一个苯基ITC的浓度为676 ppm的土壤中3天，在密封的环境中减少了97%的紫莎草块茎的活力相比，未经处理的控制。苯基ITC保留较高的VIF覆盖比低密度聚乙烯覆盖的土壤。苯基ITC在LDPE和VIF覆盖下的预测半衰期分别为6.1和8.9天。在田间试验中，苯基ITC在1500公斤公顷的VIF覆盖下抑制紫莎草芽，并减少了72%的活块茎密度，但控制效果不如溴甲烷在390公斤公顷（67%溴甲烷：33%氯化苦）。因此，在有效控制紫莎草方面，在VIF覆盖物下高达1500公斤/公顷的苯基ITC不是甲基溴的可行替代品。
Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) is a troublesome weed in vegetable crops in the southern United States. Methyl bromide is widely used for effective purple nutsedge control in polyethylene-mulched vegetable crops. With the impending ban on methyl bromide in the United States, an effective alternative is needed. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effect of phenyl isothiocyanate (ITC) concentration and exposure period on purple nutsedge tuber viability and to compare the retention of phenyl ITC in soil under low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and virtually impermeable film (VIF) mulches. Additionally, field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of phenyl ITC under VIF mulch against purple nutsedge. A phenyl ITC concentration of 676 ppm in soil for 3 days in a sealed environment reduced purple nutsedge tuber viability by 97% compared with a nontreated control. Phenyl ITC retention was higher in soil covered with VIF mulch than with LDPE mulch. The predicted half-life of phenyl ITC under LDPE and VIF mulch was 6.1 and 8.9 days, respectively. In field experiments, phenyl ITC at 1500 kg ha under VIF mulch suppressed purple nutsedge shoots and reduced viable tuber density ‡72%, but control was not as effective as methyl bromide at 390 kg ha (67% methyl bromide:33% chloropicrin). Therefore, phenyl ITC up to 1500 kg ha under a VIF mulch is not a viable alternative to methyl bromide for effective purple nutsedge control.