ON THE STRUCTURE OF COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE IN A MULTIFACTOR TRADE MODEL
ON THE STRUCTURE OF COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE IN A MULTIFACTOR TRADE MODEL
复制标题
论多要素贸易模式中的比较优势结构
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1979
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Moroney
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Horiba;J. Moroney
两个国家、两种要素、两种商品的赫克歇尔-俄林贸易模型的理论结构广为人知。要素价格均衡化、斯托尔珀-萨缪尔森定理和雷布琴斯基定理可以作为其主要推论推出。琼斯在他的开创性贡献[1956-1957]中总结了这一结构，并将模型扩展到包括其他商品。在他的双因素n商品模型中，琼斯提出：（1）商品按照资本-劳动比率的排序，正是按照比较优势的顺序进行排序;（2）需求条件只是把这一链条分为一边是可出口的商品，另一边是可进口的商品。在两个国家、多种商品的模式中，如果有三种或三种以上的生产要素，而且要素价格在国际上并不均衡（比如说，由于运输成本），那么在什么情况下，比较优势链是根据生产中使用的要素比例明确确定的？为了探讨这个问题，我们采用了赫克歇尔-俄林贸易模型的通常假设。具体而言，这些因素包括：㈠每种商品都是根据两国共同的线性齐次生产函数生产的; ㈡生产函数的特点是要素密集度高; ㈢各国的投入具有同质性; ㈣各国的投入具有同质性。
The theoretical structure of a two-country, two-factor, two commodity Heckscher-Ohlin trade model is widely known. Factor-price equalization, the Stolper-Samuelson theorem, and the Rybczynski theorem may be deduced as its major corollaries. Jones, in his seminal contribution [1956-1957], summarized this structure and extended the model to include additional commodities. In his two-factor, n-commodity model, Jones proposed that (1) the ranking of commodities according to their capital-labor ratios is precisely their ranking by order of comparative advantage, and (2) demand conditions merely divide this chain into exportable goods on one side and importable goods on the other.2 A basic theoretical question, however, has remained unanswered thus far: Under what circumstances in a two-country, many commodity model, in which there are three or more factors of production, and in which factor prices are not equalized internationally (due to, say, transport costs), is a chain of comparative advantage unambiguously determinate on the basis of factor proportions employed in production? For the purpose of exploring this question, we employ the usual assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin trade model. In particular, they include (i) each good is produced according to a linearly homogeneous production function common to both countries; (ii) production functions are characterized by strong factor intensity; (iii) inputs are of homogeneous quality across countries; (iv) inputs