Analysis of Rain Types and Their Z–R Relationships at Different Locations in the High Andes of Southern Ecuador

Analysis of Rain Types and Their Z–R Relationships at Different Locations in the High Andes of Southern Ecuador
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厄瓜多尔南部安第斯高地不同地点的降雨类型及其 ZâR 关系分析

DOI:
10.1175/jamc-d-17-0009.1
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
3
通讯作者:
Bendix J
Bendix J
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Orellana-Alvear J;Célleri R;Rollenbeck R;Bendix J

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在热带高山地区,根据降雨雷达数据提供降雨图所需的时空降雨发生、微物理特征及其反射率-降雨(Z-R)关系的信息有限。因此,本研究的目的是分析降雨类型在安第斯山脉的科迪勒拉推导出不同的雨型Z-R关系,使用disdrometer观测在三个研究地点代表不同的地理位置和海拔(2610,3626,和3773米MSL)。基于平均液滴体积直径(Dm)阈值[0.1 <Dm(mm)≤ 0.5; 0.5 <Dm(mm)≤ 1.0; 1.0 <Dm(mm)≤ 2.0]的降雨分类使用每个地点大约2年内5分钟时间步长的液滴尺寸分布数据进行。结果如下:(1)降雨观测的特点是高(低)Dmand雨率更频繁地在较低(高)的网站。(ii)由于它的地理位置,非常小雨(毛毛雨)在高海拔地区更常见,持续时间更长,而降雨在低海拔地区更容易对流。(iii)关于云和雨的形成的具体的空间的阐述似乎起着重要的作用,推导localZ-R关系。(iv)第一雨型的低A系数(≤60)类似于典型的地形降水特征。(v)较大的A值(Dm> 1.0 mm的最低和最高站点)归因于其他研究中发现的过渡性降雨。(vi)降雨型Z-R关系比地点特异性Z-R关系具有更好的适应性。这项研究是Z-R关系在高安第斯山脉的热带降雨的第一个贡献。
Information on the spatiotemporal rainfall occurrence, its microphysical characteristics, and its reflectivity–rainfall (Z–R) relations required to provide rainfall mapping based on rain radar data is limited for tropical high mountains. Therefore, this study aims to analyze rainfall types in the Andes cordillera to derive different rain-typeZ–Rrelations using disdrometer observations at three study sites representative for different geographic positions and elevations (2610, 3626, and 3773 m MSL). Rain categorization based on mean drop volume diameter (Dm) thresholds [0.1 <Dm(mm) ≤ 0.5; 0.5 <Dm(mm) ≤ 1.0; 1.0 <Dm(mm) ≤ 2.0] was performed using drop size distribution data at a 5-min time step over an approximate 2-yr period at each location. The findings are as follows: (i) Rain observations characterized by higher (lower)Dmand rain rates are more frequent at the lower (higher) site. (ii) Because of its geographic position, very light rain (drizzle) is more common at higher altitudes with longer-duration events, whereas rainfall is more convective at the lower range. (iii) The specific spatial exposition regarding cloud and rain formation seems to play an important role for derivation of the localZ–Rrelationship. (iv) LowAcoefficients (≤60) for the first rain type resemble typical characteristics of orographic precipitation. (v) Greater values ofA(lowest and highest stations forDm> 1.0 mm) are attributed to transitional rainfall as found in other studies. (vi) Rain-typeZ–Rrelations show a better adjustment in comparison with site-specificZ–Rrelationships. This study is the first contribution ofZ–Rrelations for tropical rainfall in the high Andes.
从云雾林到帕拉莫的大范围过渡是厄瓜多尔国家公园未受干扰的林线的特征
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DOI: 10.4236/acs.2014.45083
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影响因子: 0.6
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