Age changes in prosocial responding and moral reasoning in adolescence and early adulthood
Age changes in prosocial responding and moral reasoning in adolescence and early adulthood
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1532-7795.2005.00095.x
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Shepard, SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eisenberg, N;Cumberland, A;Shepard, SA
年龄变化的亲社会反应和推理的措施进行了检查。参与者的帮助，同情相关的反应，和亲社会道德推理的报告是在青春期（15-16岁）和成年期（25-26岁）获得的。从青少年到成年，观点采择和批准/人际导向/刻板的亲社会道德推理增加，而个人苦恼下降。帮助减少，然后增加（立方趋势）。亲社会道德判断综合得分（和自我反思移情推理）通常从青春期后期到20岁早期（17-18岁到21-22岁）增加，但此后要么持平或略有下降（即，显示线性和立方趋势）;基本的需求导向推理显示相反的变化模式。自我反思共情道德推理的增加仅适用于女性。因此，观点采择和亲社会道德推理的某些方面-具有强大社会认知基础的能力-显示出随着年龄的增长而明显增加，而简单的亲社会倾向（即，帮助，同情）并没有随着年龄的增长而增加。
Age changes' measures of prosocial responding and reasoning were examined. Participants' reports of helping, empathy-related responding, and prosocial moral reasoning were obtained in adolescence (from age 15-16 years) and into adulthood (to age 25-26 years). Perspective taking and approval/interpersonal oriented/stereotypic prosocial moral reasoning increased from adolescence into adulthood, whereas personal distress declined. Helping declined and then increased (a cubic trend). Prosocial moral judgment composite scores (and self-reflective empathic reasoning) generally increased from late adolescence into the early 20s (age 17-18 to 21-22) but either leveled off or declined slightly thereafter (i.e., showed linear and cubic trends); rudimentary needs-oriented reasoning showed the reverse pattern of change. The increase in self-reflective empathic moral reasoning was for females only. Thus, perspective taking and some aspects of prosocial moral reasoning-capacities with a strong sociocognitive basis-showed the clearest increases with age, whereas simple prosocial proclivities (i.e., helping, sympathy) did not increase with age.