Stimulus similarity and order as factors in visual short-term memory in nonhuman primates.
Stimulus similarity and order as factors in visual short-term memory in nonhuman primates.
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刺激相似性和顺序作为非人类灵长类动物视觉短期记忆的因素。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1979
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Rohack
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. V. Devine;M. W. Burke;J. Rohack
非人灵长类动物对单个样品或两个连续呈现的样品的短期保留在四个延迟匹配样品实验中进行评估，延迟为0.03，4，8，16和32秒。单样本任务包括一个（实验1）或两个（实验4）分心刺激的选择集（匹配测试）。在两个连续的样本任务中，动物匹配（重建）的两个样本的呈现顺序（实验3）和无（实验2）的干扰刺激。此外，八种刺激（四种颜色和四种形状）的可能组合被安排来测试样本集和选择集相似性的影响。两者合计，错误的分析表明，样本和选择集的相似性是延迟匹配的混淆的重要来源。顺序错误发生独立的相似性，但主要是在最长的延迟（16和32秒）的遗忘源。两个例外的相似性效应（第二个反应错误在实验3和错误的一个没有经验的组在实验4）进行了观察。例外的可能原因和短期记忆的理论，这些研究结果的几个影响进行了讨论。
The short-term retention of nonhuman primates for a single sample or for two successively presented samples was assessed in four delayed matching-to-sample experiments with delays of .03, 4, 8, 16, and 32 sec. The single sample tasks included one (Experiment 1) or two (Experiment 4) distractor stimuli in the choice set (matching test). In the two successive samples tasks, the animals matched (reconstructed) the order of presentation of two samples with (Experiment 3) and without (Experiment 2) a distractor stimulus. Also, the possible combinations of eight stimuli (four colors and four shapes) were arranged to test the effects of sample set and choice set similarity. Taken together, analyses of the errors indicated that both sample and choice set similarity were significant sources of confusions in delayed matching. Order errors occurred independently of similarity but were a source of forgetting primarily at the longest delays (16 and 32 sec). Two exceptions to the similarity effect (second response errors in Experiment 3 and errors of an inexperienced group in Experiment 4) were observed. Possible reasons for the exceptions and several implications of these findings for theories of short-term memory are discussed.