Evaluation of combined sewer overflow impacts on short-term pharmaceutical and illicit drug occurrence in a heavily urbanised tidal river catchment (London, UK).
Evaluation of combined sewer overflow impacts on short-term pharmaceutical and illicit drug occurrence in a heavily urbanised tidal river catchment (London, UK).
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.108
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发表时间：
2019-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kelly Munro;C. Martins;M. Loewenthal;S. Comber;D. Cowan;Luisa Pereira;L. Barron
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kelly Munro;C. Martins;M. Loewenthal;S. Comber;D. Cowan;Luisa Pereira;L. Barron
发生的药物和非法药物残留可能引起的联合下水道溢流（CSOs）在伦敦市中心部分的泰晤士河口提出。每年约有3900 万 吨未经处理的污水通过57个污水收集站排入泰晤士河。对一家大型污水处理厂的进水和出水进行差异分析，根据去除率确定了七种潜在的与药物相关的CSO标记物。其中三种浓度为>.1 μg L−1（咖啡因、可卡因和苯甲酰茶碱）。在干燥的天气里，对每小时一次的河水样本的分析显示，在一个潮汐周期内，大多数药物的浓度相对一致，包括CSO标记物。在2014年1月和7月对河水进行了为期一周的监测，然后在11月/ 12月连续六周每天进行监测。在监测的31种化合物中，在泰晤士河中确定了27种药物残留，其综合范围在~ 1000-3500 ng L−1之间。在较长时间的干燥天气中，总药物浓度普遍下降。对于CSO标志物，在CSO事件发生后（尤其是低潮时），咖啡因、可卡因和苯甲酰ecgonine浓度在24 h内出现短期升高，且通常在一个数量级内。升高发生的时间与cso后的铵离子和溶解氧数据也有很好的相关性。这项工作也代表了在伦敦主要的“超级下水道”基础设施升级之前对药品发生的重要研究，旨在减少95%的民间组织。
The occurrence of pharmaceutical and illicit drug residues potentially arising from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) in the Central London portion of the Thames Estuary is presented. Approximately 39 million tonnes of untreated sewage enter the River Thames at 57 CSO points annually. Differential analysis of influents and effluents in a major wastewater treatment plant identified seven potential drug-related CSO markers based on removal rates. Three were present in influent at concentrations >1 μg L−1(caffeine, cocaine and benzoylecgonine). During dry weather, analysis of hourly samples of river water revealed relatively consistent concentrations for most drugs, including CSO markers, over a tidal cycle. River water was monitored over a week in January and July and then daily across six consecutive weeks in November/December 2014. Out of 31 compounds monitored, 27 drug residues were determined in the River Thames and, combined, ranged between ~1000–3500 ng L−1. Total drug concentration generally declined during extended periods of drier weather. For CSO markers, short-term increases in caffeine, cocaine and benzoylecgonine concentration were observed ~24 h after CSO events (especially those occurring at low tide) and generally within one order of magnitude. Timings of elevated occurrence also correlated well with ammonium ion and dissolved oxygen data following CSOs. This work also represents an important study of pharmaceutical occurrence before a major ‘Super Sewer’ infrastructure upgrade in London aiming to reduce CSOs by 95%.