Centromere position in budding yeast: Evidence for anaphase A
Centromere position in budding yeast: Evidence for anaphase A
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DOI：
10.1091/mbc.8.6.957
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发表时间：
1997-06-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Koshland, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guacci, V;Hogan, E;Koshland, D
虽然细胞周期中染色体运动的一般特征在所有真核细胞中是保守的，但特定方面在生物体之间是不同的。了解这些变异的基础将为深入了解染色体运动的机制提供重要的帮助。在这种情况下，在芽殖酵母酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）中建立染色体运动的类型是重要的，因为介导染色体运动的复合物（微管组织中心、纺锤体和动粒）在这种生物体中比在许多其他真核细胞中简单得多。我们已经用荧光原位杂交技术开始分析芽殖酵母的染色体运动。我们的研究结果表明，酵母着丝粒的位置的变化作为一个功能的细胞周期的方式类似于其他真核生物。着丝粒在G1期偏向于包含纺锤极的核的一侧，在中期M远离极，在后期和末期聚集在极附近。着丝粒相对于纺锤体两极的位置变化支持了芽殖酵母中后期A的存在。此外，后期A-样活性独立于后期B以下着丝粒位置的变化在终末期停滞的细胞后，微管解聚和随后的再聚合。讨论了后期A活性和G1着丝粒定位在芽殖酵母染色体分离中的作用。荧光原位杂交方法和实验策略在这项研究中描述提供了强大的新工具来分析特定的驱动蛋白样分子，纺锤体组件和着丝粒因子的突变缺陷，从而阐明染色体运动的机制。
Although general features of chromosome movement during the cell cycle are conserved among all eukaryotic cells, particular aspects vary between organisms. Understanding the basis for these variations should provide significant insight into the mechanism of chromosome movement. In this context, establishing the types of chromosome movement in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is important since the complexes that mediate chromosome movement (microtubule organizing centers, spindles, and kinetochores) appear much simpler in this organism than in many other eukaryotic cells. We have used fluorescence in situ hybridization to begin an analysis of chromosome movement in budding yeast. Our results demonstrate that the position of yeast centromeres changes as a function of the cell cycle in a manner similar to other eukaryotes. Centromeres are skewed to the side of the nucleus containing the spindle pole in G1; away from the poles in mid-M and clustered near the poles in anaphase and telophase. The change in position of the centromeres relative to the spindle poles supports the existence of anaphase A in budding yeast. In addition, an anaphase A-like activity independent of anaphase B was demonstrated by following the change in centromere position in telophase-arrested cells upon depolymerization and subsequent repolymerization of microtubules. The roles of anaphase A activity and G1 centromere positioning in the segregation of budding yeast chromosomes are discussed. The fluorescence in situ hybridization methodology and experimental strategies described in this study provide powerful new tools to analyze mutants defective in specific kinesin-like molecules, spindle components, and centromere factors, thereby elucidating the mechanism of chromosome movement.