From nanocrystal synthesis to functional nanostructure fabrication: laser ablation in liquid
From nanocrystal synthesis to functional nanostructure fabrication: laser ablation in liquid
复制标题
从纳米晶体合成到功能性纳米结构制造：液体激光烧蚀
DOI：
10.1039/b918759f
复制
发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Yang, G. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, P.;Cui, H.;Yang, G. W.
尽管近几十年来对纳米材料的研究不断深入，但研究人员仍然面临着一个根本性的挑战：如何在纳米材料的合成过程中控制纳米晶体的物相、尺寸和形状，即如何实现从纳米晶合成到功能纳米结构制备的转变。针对这一问题，在本文中，我们介绍了液体中激光烧蚀(LAL)在合成和制备具有亚稳态相和形状的新型纳米结构方面的最新进展。激光烧蚀液体中的固体靶实际上为合成纳米晶体和制备纳米结构打开了一扇门，这是由于以下优点：(I)LAL是一种化学上“简单且清洁”的合成，由于该过程副产物生成减少，起始材料更简单，不需要催化剂等。(Ii)在环境条件下，不是极端的温度和压力，可以通过温和的制备方法产生各种通常不可能获得的亚稳相。(3)新相的形成涉及LAL上的液体和固体，这使得研究人员可以选择并结合感兴趣的固体靶和液体来合成纳米晶体和制备新化合物的纳米结构，以达到基础研究和潜在应用的目的。(4)通过调节激光参数和在LAL上施加无机盐或电场等辅助手段，可以很容易地控制合成的纳米晶的物相、尺寸和形状。例如，我们通过无机盐辅助的LaL合成了具有C-8结构的碳的微米和纳米立方体，通过电场辅助的LaL合成了GeO2的微米和纳米立方体和纺锤形。此外，我们还开发了一种基于脉冲激光在液体中沉积制备功能纳米颗粒的新技术。因此，LaL在未来功能纳米结构的制备中具有广阔的应用前景。
Although nanomaterials investigations have been carried over the recent decades, researchers still face a fundamental challenge: how to control the phase, size and shape of nanocrystals in the synthesis of nanomaterials, i.e., how to achieve the transformation from nanocrytsal synthesis to functional nanostructure fabrication. For this issue, we, in this review, introduce recent developments in laser ablation in liquid (LAL) for the synthesis and fabrication of novel nanostructures with metastable phases and shapes. Laser ablation of solid targets in liquid has actually opened a door toward to synthesize nanocrystals and fabricate nanostructures due to these advantages as follows: (i) LAL is a chemically "simple and clean" synthesis due to the process with reduced byproduct formation, simpler starting materials, no need for catalyst, etc. (ii) Under ambient conditions, not extreme temperature and pressure, a variety of metastable phases that may not usually be attainable, can be generated by mild preparation methods. (iii) New phase formation involves in both liquid and solid upon LAL, which allows researchers to choose and combine interesting solid target and liquid to synthesize nanocrystals and fabricate nanostructures of new compounds for purpose of fundamental research and potential applications. (iv) The phase, size and shape of the synthesized nanocrystals can be readily controlled by tuning laser parameters and applying assistances such as inorganic salts or electrical field upon LAL. For example, we have synthesized the micro-and nanocubes of carbon with C-8-like structures by the inorganic salts assisted LAL, and the micro-and nanocubes and spindles of GeO2 by the electrical field assisted LAL. Additionally, we have developed a new technique to fabricate functional nanopatterns on the basis of the pulsed-laser deposition in liquid. Accordingly, LAL could greatly extend its application in fabrication of functional nanostructures in the future.