ATTENTION IN CHARACTER-CLASSIFICATION TASKS - EVIDENCE FOR AUTOMATICITY OF COMPONENT STAGES
ATTENTION IN CHARACTER-CLASSIFICATION TASKS - EVIDENCE FOR AUTOMATICITY OF COMPONENT STAGES
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DOI：
10.1037/0096-3445.107.1.32
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发表时间：
1978-01-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
LOGAN, GD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LOGAN, GD
认为选择任务中心理操作的注意力需求可以通过扩展 S. Sternberg (1969) 的加性因素方法来评估。与那些需要注意的处理阶段相关的参数将与并发活动的量相互作用，但与自动处理阶段相关的参数不会。该分析适用于 76 个 Ss 的 8 个字符分类实验。分类任务可以单独执行，也可以在需要有序回忆 7 个数字的短期记忆任务的保留间隔内执行。在前两个实验中，获得了内存负载和目标集大小之间的交互作用，其大小取决于特定目标集的练习量。其余 6 个实验检查了足以执行视觉搜索任务的 4 个阶段（编码、比较、决策和响应选择）。内存负载不与编码、决策和响应选择阶段相关的参数相互作用；以及与比较阶段相关的 3 个参数（目标集大小、数组大小以及指示目标位置的条形标记是否存在），只有目标集大小与内存负载相互作用（实验 I 和 II）。结论是，字符分类中涉及的大多数处理不需要注意，这被视为反对通过特定处理结构识别注意的模型的证据。（3½ p ref）（PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2016 APA，保留所有权利）
Maintains that the attention demands of mental operations within the choice task can be assessed by extending S. Sternberg's (1969) additive-factors method. Parameters associated with those processing stages that demand attention will interact with the amount of concurrent activity but parameters associated with automatic processing stages will not. This analysis was applied to 8 character-classification experiments with 76 Ss. The classification task was either performed alone or in the retention interval of a short-term memory task which required ordered recall of 7 digits. In the 1st 2 experiments, interactions were obtained between memory load and target-set size whose magnitude depended on the amount of practice with specific target sets. The remaining 6 experiments examined 4 stages sufficient to perform a visual-search task (encoding, comparison, decision, and response selection). Memory load did not interact with parameters associated with encoding, decision, and response-selection stages; and of 3 parameters associated with the comparison stage (target-set size, array size, and the presence or absence of a bar marker indicating the target's position), only target-set size interacted with memory load (Exps I and II). It is concluded that most of the processing involved in character classification does not require attention, and this was taken as evidence against models that identify attention with specific processing structures.(3½ p ref)(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)