Experimental study design and grant writing in eight steps and 28 questions
Experimental study design and grant writing in eight steps and 28 questions
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2923.2003.01468.x
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发表时间：
2003-04-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Dawson, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bordage, G;Dawson, B
虽然写一份拨款申请可能需要几天时间，但研究的规划需要更长的时间，需要深思熟虑。使用系统和逐项的方法可以帮助规划研究的关键细节。提出了一个八步，28个问题，迭代的方法，以帮助仔细规划的实验，以最大限度地提高研究人员的机会，接受时提交的研究资金和其结果的出版。这些步骤包括定义相关的研究问题;选择仪器，研究设计和统计数据;确定样本量和抽样程序;确保整个数据收集和分析的数据质量;设置人员和预算要求，并撰写令人信服的拨款申请。审稿人特别注意研究主题和问题的重要性，明确的问题陈述和最新文献综述的存在，最佳设计和仪器的使用，充足和无偏见的样本，以及适当和应用良好的统计数据。他们也欣赏一个清晰和易于遵循的建议。研究问题是整个企业的重点，其次是选择最佳的研究设计和控制可能的混杂变量。没有一项研究是完美的。研究人员必须不断权衡利弊，选择最科学合理和可行的替代方案。虽然所提出的步骤和问题最适用于实验研究，但这些原则也适用于广泛的问题和观察，评价和定性设计。
While writing a grant proposal may take a few days, the planning of the study takes much longer and requires thoughtful consideration. The use of a systematic and itemised approach can help in planning crucial details of a study. An eight-step, 28-question, iterative approach is proposed to help with the careful planning of experiments in order to maximise the researchers' chances of acceptance when submitting the study for funding and its results for publication. The steps include defining a relevant research question; selecting instrumentation, study design and statistics; determining sample size and sampling procedure; ensuring data quality throughout data collection and analysis; setting personnel and budget requirements, and writing a convincing grant proposal. Reviewers pay particular attention to the importance of the research topic and question, the presence of a clear problem statement and up to date review of the literature, the use of an optimal design and instrumentation, a sufficient and unbiased sample, and appropriate and well applied statistics. They also appreciate a clear and easy to follow proposal. The research question is the keystone of the entire enterprise, followed by the selection of an optimal study design and the control of possible confounding variables. No study is perfect. The researchers must constantly weigh advantages and disadvantages and select the most scientifically sound and feasible alternatives. While the steps and questions presented are best applied to experimental studies, the principles are also applicable to a wide range of questions and observational, evaluative and qualitative designs.