Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), and Plastics Examples of the Status, Trend, and Cycling of Organic Chemicals of Environmental Concern in the Ocean
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), and Plastics Examples of the Status, Trend, and Cycling of Organic Chemicals of Environmental Concern in the Ocean
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DOI：
10.5670/oceanog.2014.23
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发表时间：
2014-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Takada, Hideshige
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Farrington, John W.;Takada, Hideshige
40年的研究使人们对沿海海洋和表层海洋生态系统中持久性有机污染物和多环芳烃的生物地球化学循环概况有了合理的了解，包括大气向海洋的迁移、海气交换过程以及颗粒物质在从表层沃茨中清除这些化学品方面的作用。深海鱼类显然受到持久性有机污染物的污染。然而，尽管有取样和分析能力，但对深海生态系统的取样和了解要少得多。使用双壳类哨兵生物对美国沿海沃茨中的持久性有机污染物和多环芳烃进行了一项长达数十年的评估，该评估记录了城市地区附近的高浓度以及浓度开始下降的一些站点。结果是一致的，城市地区附近的沿海沉积物是持久性有机污染物和多环芳烃的渗漏汇，来自陆地的污染源继续向海洋贡献这些污染物。其他研究表明，沿海和大陆边缘的表层沉积物是持久性有机污染物和多环芳烃的汇，尽管可能存在渗漏。漂浮的塑料碎片，包括小颗粒，再次成为海洋环境问题。正在进行一项“颗粒观察”，评估塑料颗粒和相关的持久性有机污染物和多环芳烃。建议加强对深海生态系统的研究。这些发现也与新出现的有机污染物的地球化学循环有关。
Four decades of research have provided a reasonable understanding of the outline of the biogeochemical cycles of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal ocean and surface ocean ecosystems, including atmospheric transport to the sea, air-sea exchange processes, and the role of particulate matter in removing these chemicals from surface waters. It is clear that deep ocean fish are contaminated with POPs. However, despite available sampling and analytical capabilities, deep ocean ecosystems are much less sampled and understood. A multidecade assessment of POPs and PAHs in US coastal waters using bivalve sentinel organisms documents high concentrations near urban areas and also some stations where concentrations have begun to decline. The results are consistent with coastal sediments near urban areas being a leaky sink for POPs and PAHs, and sources from land continuing to contribute these contaminants to the sea. Other studies document coastal and continental margin surface sediments as a sink, albeit a potentially leaky sink, for POPs and PAHs. Floating plastic debris, including small pellets, has reemerged as an oceanic environmental concern. A "Pellet Watch" assessing plastic pellets and associated POPs and PAHs is underway. Enhanced studies of deep-ocean ecosystems are recommended. The findings are also relevant to biogeochemical cycles for emerging organic pollutants.