Color signaling in conspicuous red sticklebacks: do ultraviolet signals surpass others?
Color signaling in conspicuous red sticklebacks: do ultraviolet signals surpass others?
复制标题
红刺鱼的颜色信号：紫外线信号是否优于其他信号？
作者：
I. P. Rick;T. Bakker
背景利用紫外线（UV）信号进行通信任务在脊椎动物中是广泛的。例如，在几个物种中，有一个紫外线成分来选择配偶。然而，目前还不清楚紫外波段的信号值与动物可见光谱的其他区域的信号值相比如何。我们调查了紫外线信号的相对重要性相比，在threespine棘鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus），一个物种使用紫外线波长的女性和男性的配偶选择，以及在浅滩行为的较长波长的信号。在选择实验中，女性刺鱼同时提出了四个男性的视觉外观操纵的光学过滤器。每一只雄性都缺少一个与四种视锥细胞光谱敏感度相对应的棘鱼可见光谱的波长范围。由此产生的男性外观，因此没有紫外线（UV-），没有短波（SW-），没有中波（MW-）或没有长波（LW-）的身体reflectance.ResultsMales没有紫外线波长和长波长（“红色”）是最不喜欢的。相反，去除中波长和最明显的短波长使男性对女性的吸引力不受影响。使用颜色度量，四个光学过滤器的影响刺鱼感知的三个男性身体区域的量子渔获物计算的四个单一conces.ConclusionThe去除紫外线（UV-）大大降低了视觉吸引力的求爱男性女性三刺刺鱼，特别是在比较去除短波光（SW-）。因此，我们报告的第一个实验证据表明，紫外线波段明显优于至少一个其他部分的动物的可见光谱（SW-）的上下文中的通信。此外，女性也不太吸引男性提出没有长波长（LW-），支持传统上认为强烈的影响，红色的颜色组成部分刺鱼的配偶选择。总体而言，去除中波长（MW-）和特别是短波长（SW-）使男性对女性的吸引力不受影响。我们的工作表明，除了长波长（“红色”），紫外波段包含重要的信息，视觉配偶选择刺鱼。因此，先前建议的独特作用的红色婚礼色彩之间的视觉相互作用的生殖活跃的刺鱼同种可能被高估的紫外线波长发挥更重要的作用比先前建议的。
BackgroundThe use of ultraviolet (UV) signals for communication tasks is widespread in vertebrates. For instance, there is a UV component to mate choice in several species. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how the signal value of the UV wave band compares to that of other regions of the animal's visible spectrum. We investigated the relative importance of UV signals compared with signals of longer wavelengths in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a species using UV wavelengths in female and male mate choice as well as in shoaling behavior. In a choice experiment, female sticklebacks were simultaneously presented with four male visual appearances manipulated by optical filters. Each male lacked one wavelength range of the stickleback's visible spectrum corresponding to the spectral sensitivities of the four cone types. The resulting male appearances thus had no UV (UV-), no short-wave (SW-), no medium-wave (MW-) or no long-wave (LW-) body reflectance.ResultsMales without UV wavelengths and long wavelengths ("red") were least preferred. In contrast, the removal of medium and most notably short wavelengths left male attractiveness to females rather unaffected. Using color metrics, the effects of the four optical filters on stickleback perception of three male body regions were illustrated as quantal catches calculated for the four single cones.ConclusionThe removal of UV light (UV-) considerably reduced visual attractiveness of courting males to female three-spined sticklebacks particularly in comparison to the removal of short-wave light (SW-). We thus report first experimental evidence that the UV wave band clearly outranks at least one other part of an animal's visible spectrum (SW-) in the context of communication. In addition, females were also less attracted to males presented without long wavelengths (LW-) which supports the traditionally considered strong influence of the red color component on stickleback mate choice. Overall, the removal of medium wavelengths (MW-) and especially short (SW-) left male attractiveness for females rather unaffected. Our work suggests that, in addition to long wavelengths ("red"), the UV wave band contains important information for visual mate choice in sticklebacks. Hence, the previously suggested exclusive role of the characteristic red nuptial coloration in visual interactions between reproductively active stickleback conspecifics may be overestimated with UV wavelengths playing a more important role than previously suggested.