Tight junctions.
Tight junctions.
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连接紧密。
DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.027
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Balda MS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Balda MS
我们体内的各种功能需要产生和维持具有不同成分的隔室，这反过来又需要形成半渗透性细胞扩散屏障。例如，血脑屏障只允许特定分子通过，从而保护大脑。另一个例子是肠道屏障，它允许吸收必需的营养物质，同时限制致病分子和细菌的通过。这些屏障的破坏会引起各种疾病，如脑或视网膜水肿或腹泻。上皮细胞和内皮细胞是最常见的屏障形成细胞。这种屏障中的单个细胞通过细胞间的粘附结构（也称为细胞间连接）结合在一起，这对屏障的形成和维持至关重要。在这里，我们将重点关注紧密连接（TJs）的结构和组装及其作为屏障的功能，但将参考其他对屏障调节至关重要的粘附结构，如粘附连接（AJs）和细胞外基质（ECM）的局灶粘附（图1A，B）。我们还将讨论TJs在细胞表面极性和基因表达、细胞功能和细胞行为的调节中的其他功能。
Various functions within our bodies require the generation and maintenance of compartments with distinct compositions, which in turn necessitate the formation of semipermeable cellular diffusion barriers. For example, the blood–brain barrier protects the brain by allowing only specific molecules to pass through. Another instance is the intestinal barrier, which allows the uptake of essential nutrients, while restricting the passage of pathogenic molecules and bacteria. Breakdown of such barriers causes various pathologies, such as brain or retinal edema, or diarrhoea. Epithelia and endothelia are the most common barrier-forming cells. Individual cells in such barriers are held together by cell–cell adhesion structures — also known as intercellular junctions — that are essential for barrier formation and maintenance. Here, we will focus on the structure and assembly of tight junctions (TJs) and their functions as barriers, but will refer to other adhesive structures crucial for barrier regulation such as adherens junctions (AJs) and focal adhesions to the extracellular matrix (ECM) (Figure 1A,B). We will also discuss additional functions of TJs in cell surface polarity and the regulation of gene expression, cell function, and cell behaviour.