Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Cache Valley Virus (Bunyaviridae: Orthobunyavirus) Infection in Anopheline and Culicine Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Northeastern United States, 1997-2012
Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Cache Valley Virus (Bunyaviridae: Orthobunyavirus) Infection in Anopheline and Culicine Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Northeastern United States, 1997-2012
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DOI：
10.1089/vbz.2014.1669
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发表时间：
2014-10-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Main, Andrew J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andreadis, Theodore G.;Armstrong, Philip M.;Main, Andrew J.
卡奇谷病毒(CVV)是一种蚊媒布尼亚病毒(布尼亚病毒科，正野病毒属)，在北美和中美洲的大部分地区流行。白尾鹿(Odocoileus Virginianus)被认为是重要的宿主和放大宿主。在一系列不同的蚊子中已经发现了CVV，但主要的媒介尚不清楚。进行了一项为期16年的研究，以确定康涅狄格州的主要蚊子媒介，量化季节性感染率，并确定该州CVV的空间地理分布作为土地利用和白尾鹿种群的函数，在此期间，白尾鹿种群数量大幅增加。从7属16种蚊虫体内分离到CVV，这些蚊虫几乎都是多化性和嗜乳性蚊虫。按蚊Anopheles(An.)根据每年的分离频率和受感染蚊子的空间地理分布，点斑潜蝇被认为是该地区最一致和最有可能的媒介。其他在该州表现出频繁的病毒分离时间和适度空间地理格局的物种包括Ochlerotatus(Oc.)俄克拉何马州Trivittatus加拿大伊蚊(Aedes(Ae.)Vexans和Ae.灰姑娘。为AN建立了新的CVV分离记录。Walkeri、库里塞塔Blackura和Oc.坎特。分离到CVV的其他物种包括一种。Qurimaculatus、Coquillettidia perotans、Culex salinarius、Oc.日本，俄克拉荷马俄勒冈州，Sollicitans带喙牛Teniorhynchus Oc.Triseriatus和Psorophora ferox.感染CVV的蚊子平均分布在城市、郊区和农村地区，感染率与白尾鹿的局部丰度没有直接关系，可能是因为它们在整个地区都饱和了。蚊子中的病毒活动是间歇性的，每年没有一致的模式，年度季节性感染率的波动似乎没有受到蚊子总体丰度的直接影响。蚊子中的病毒感染发生在季节的后期，主要从8月中旬延伸到9月，此时成年蚊子数量明显下降，相对较低。研究结果表明，垂直传播对CVV的永久传播的作用有限，就像其他相关的布尼亚病毒一样。
Cache Valley virus (CVV) is a mosquito-borne bunyavirus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus) that is enzootic throughout much of North and Central America. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have been incriminated as important reservoir and amplification hosts. CVV has been found in a diverse array of mosquito species, but the principal vectors are unknown. A 16-year study was undertaken to identify the primary mosquito vectors in Connecticut, quantify seasonal prevalence rates of infection, and define the spatial geographic distribution of CVV in the state as a function of land use and white-tailed deer populations, which have increased substantially over this period. CVV was isolated from 16 mosquito species in seven genera, almost all of which were multivoltine and mammalophilic. Anopheles (An.) punctipennis was incriminated as the most consistent and likely vector in this region on the basis of yearly isolation frequencies and the spatial geographic distribution of infected mosquitoes. Other species exhibiting frequent temporal and moderate spatial geographic patterns of virus isolation within the state included Ochlerotatus (Oc.) trivittatus, Oc. canadensis, Aedes (Ae.) vexans, and Ae. cinereus. New isolation records for CVV were established for An. walkeri, Culiseta melanura, and Oc. cantator. Other species from which CVV was isolated included An. quadrimaculatus, Coquillettidia perturbans, Culex salinarius, Oc. japonicus, Oc. sollicitans, Oc. taeniorhynchus, Oc. triseriatus, and Psorophora ferox. Mosquitoes infected with CVV were equally distributed throughout urban, suburban, and rural locales, and infection rates were not directly associated with the localized abundance of white-tailed deer, possibly due to their saturation throughout the region. Virus activity in mosquitoes was episodic with no consistent pattern from year-to-year, and fluctuations in yearly seasonal infection rates did not appear to be directly impacted by overall mosquito abundance. Virus infection in mosquitoes occurred late in the season that mostly extended from mid-August through September, when adult mosquito populations were visibly declining and were comparatively low. Findings argue for a limited role for vertical transmission for the perpetuation of CVV as occurs with other related bunyaviruses.