Mendel’s reaction to Darwin’s provisional hypothesis of pangenesis and the experiment that could not wait
Mendel’s reaction to Darwin’s provisional hypothesis of pangenesis and the experiment that could not wait
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孟德尔对达尔文泛生论临时假说的反应以及迫不及待的实验
DOI：
10.1038/s41437-022-00546-w
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
T. H. Ellis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. V. van Dijk;T. H. Ellis
驯化”，包括两卷28章，其中一个提出了他的临时理论的继承，他称之为“泛生”。孟德尔在1869年初买了一本德文译本。孟德尔的副本在页边空白处用线和下划线的句子注释，表明他认为哪些段落是重要的。孟德尔的绝大多数注释都可以在泛生论一章中找到。从孟德尔写的几篇评论中，可以得出结论，他发现达尔文的思想具有高度的投机性。达尔文认为多个花粉粒必须使卵细胞受精才能形成种子，对此有几个注释。相反，孟德尔的遗传理论是基于一个卵细胞和一个花粉粒的随机结合。孟德尔写信给卡尔Nägeli，在慕尼黑，这件事是如此重要，他不得不进行单粒授粉实验紫茉莉尽管患有眼疾。孟德尔的结果与他的理论一致;在所有18次尝试中，一粒花粉粒足以形成种子和茁壮成长的后代。第二年，他又重复了同样的实验。此外，根据孟德尔的理论，一个卵细胞不应该有超过一个花粉粒受精。孟德尔通过同时对两种不同的谷物进行授粉来测试这一点;每种谷物来自不同花色的植物。关于这个实验结果的信息没有保存下来，但实验的设计提供了对孟德尔清晰思维的洞察。这里我们对比一下孟德尔和达尔文关于遗传的观点。
Domestication” which comprised two volumes and 28 chapters, one of which presented his provisional theory of inheritance, which he called “Pangenesis”. Gregor Mendel bought a copy of the German translation in early 1869. Mendel’s copy is annotated with lines in the margins and underscored sentences, indicating which passages he considered important. The great majority of Mendel’s annotations are found in the chapter on pangenesis. From the few comments Mendel wrote, it can be concluded that he found Darwin’s ideas highly speculative. Several annotations relate to Darwin’s claim that multiple pollen grains must fertilize an egg cell to form a seed. In contrast, Mendel’s theory of inheritance was based on the random union of one egg cell and one pollen grain. Mendel wrote to Carl Nägeli, in Munich, that this matter was so important that he had to conduct single-grain pollination experiments in Mirabilis despite suffering from eye ailments. Mendel’s result was consistent with his theory; in all 18 attempts, a single pollen grain was sufficient to form a seed and vigorous offspring. The following year he repeated the experiment with the same result. In addition, for Mendel’s theory, no more than one pollen grain should fertilize an egg cell. Mendel tested this by conducting pollinations with two different grains simultaneously; each from a plant with different flower color. Information about the outcome of this experiment has not survived, but the design of the experiment provides an insight into Mendel’s clear thinking. Here we contrast Mendel and Darwin’s views of inheritance.