From classical to current: analyzing peripheral nervous system and spinal cord lineage and fate.
From classical to current: analyzing peripheral nervous system and spinal cord lineage and fate.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.09.033
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发表时间：
2015-02-15
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Bronner ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Butler SJ;Bronner ME
在脊椎动物的发育过程中，中枢神经系统(CNS)和周围神经系统(PNS)由神经板发育而来。神经板边缘的细胞产生神经脊细胞，这些细胞在胚胎中广泛迁移，为三叉神经节的大多数神经元和所有神经胶质细胞做出贡献。神经板的其余部分内陷形成神经管，神经管扩张形成大脑和脊髓。分子克隆技术的出现和绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)等荧光团的鉴定，加上转基因和电穿孔技术，使人们能够很容易地可视化神经系统形成过程中发生的细胞和分子事件。这些血统追踪技术精确地展示了神经脊细胞遵循的迁移路径，并增加了对它们分化为PNS衍生物的了解。同样，在脊髓中，谱系追踪技术使人们更好地了解了多种神经前体和有丝分裂后神经元沿脊髓不同轴线的区域组织，以及这些不同类别的神经元如何组装成实现其各种功能所需的特定神经回路。在这里，我们回顾了经典和现代的谱系和标记分析如何扩展了我们对早期周围神经系统和脊髓发育的了解。
During vertebrate development, the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS) arise from the neural plate. Cells at the margin of the neural plate give rise to neural crest cells, which migrate extensively throughout the embryo, contributing to the majority of neurons and all of the glia of the PNS. The rest of the neural plate invaginates to form the neural tube, which expands to form the brain and spinal cord. The emergence of molecular cloning techniques and identification of fluorophores like Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), together with transgenic and electroporation technologies, have made it possible to easily visualize the cellular and molecular events in play during nervous system formation. These lineage-tracing techniques have precisely demonstrated the migratory pathways followed by neural crest cells and increased knowledge about their differentiation into PNS derivatives. Similarly, in the spinal cord, lineage-tracing techniques have led to a greater understanding of the regional organization of multiple classes of neural progenitor and post-mitotic neurons along the different axes of the spinal cord and how these distinct classes of neurons assemble into the specific neural circuits required to realize their various functions. Here, we review how both classical and modern lineage and marker analyses have expanded our knowledge of early peripheral nervous system and spinal cord development.