NEUROGENETIC ADAPTIVE-MECHANISMS IN ALCOHOLISM
NEUROGENETIC ADAPTIVE-MECHANISMS IN ALCOHOLISM
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DOI：
10.1126/science.2882604
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发表时间：
1987-04-24
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
CLONINGER, CR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CLONINGER, CR
临床，遗传学和神经精神药理学研究酒精中毒的发展因素提供了一个更好的理解人格和学习的神经生物学基础。对酗酒者被收养的孩子的研究表明，开始饮酒行为的倾向与开始饮酒后失控的易感性在遗传上是不同的。酒精寻求行为是探索性食欲行为的一种特殊情况，涉及不同的神经发生过程，而不是对行为耐受性的易感性和对酒精抗焦虑或镇静作用的依赖性。人格的三个维度已经被描述为可能反映了大脑系统的个体差异，这些大脑系统调节对酒精和其他环境刺激的影响的行为反应的激活、维持和抑制。这些人格特征将酗酒者与不同的行为模式，神经生理学和神经药理学对酒精的反应区分开来。
Clinical, genetic, and neuropsychopharmacological studies of developmental factors in alcoholism are providing a better understanding of the neurobiological bases of personality and learning. Studies of the adopted-away children of alcoholics show that the predisposition to initiate alcohol-seeking behavior is genetically different from susceptibility to loss of control after drinking begins. Alcohol-seeking behavior is a special case of exploratory appetitive behavior and involves different neurogenetic processes than do susceptibility to behavioral tolerance and dependence on the antianxiety or sedative effects of alcohol. Three dimensions of personality have been described that may reflect individual differences in brain systems modulating the activation, maintenance, and inhibition of behavioral responses to the effects of alcohol and other environmental stimuli. These personality traits distinguish alcoholics with different patterns of behavioral, neurophysiological, and neuropharmacological responses to alcohol.