Expectancy Challenge Interventions to Reduce Alcohol Consumption Among High School and College Students: A Meta-Analysis
Expectancy Challenge Interventions to Reduce Alcohol Consumption Among High School and College Students: A Meta-Analysis
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DOI：
10.1037/adb0000732
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发表时间：
2021-11-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Pinquart, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gesualdo, Chrys;Pinquart, Martin
目的：酒精预期是问题性酒精使用发展的关键因素。期望挑战（EC）干预措施旨在操纵积极的酒精预期，以减少或防止年轻人饮酒。本荟萃分析调查的影响，EC在改变高中和大学生的期望和酒精使用，以及这些变化的调节作用的学习和个人特征。方法：共纳入了23项EC研究（N = 4，122;平均年龄= 19.0; 57%为男性），因为它们报告了足够的信息来计算效应量，具有未接受积极干预的对照条件，并且截至2020年8月1日。两个独立的编码器编码的相关变量，并在后测使用随机效应模型计算的效果大小。结果如下：EC在改变酒精消费和酒精预期方面表现出显着但很小的影响（g的范围从-0.18到-0.42）。社会，紧张，液体勇气和风险侵略预期的变化解释了酒精使用变化的显着差异。与高中生相比，大学生中EC在改变社会，性，紧张和液体勇气期望方面的影响更强。在较高剂量下给予的干预措施中观察到了更有利的结果。结论：针对高中生和大学生的EC在减少酒精使用和改变酒精预期方面的效果很小。未来的努力需要确定在何种情况下，以及在哪些亚组EC预计会产生更大的影响。
Objective: Alcohol expectancies are a critical factor in the development of problematic alcohol use. Expectancy challenge (EC) interventions aim to manipulate positive alcohol expectancies to reduce or prevent alcohol use among young people. The present meta-analysis investigated the effects of ECs at changing expectations and alcohol use among high school and college students, and moderating effects of study and individual characteristics on these changes. Method: A total of 23 EC studies (N = 4,122; mean age = 19.0; 57% males) was included as they reported enough information to calculate effect sizes, had a control condition that did not receive an active intervention, and were presented as of August 1, 2020. Two independent coders coded relevant variables and calculated effect sizes at posttest using a random-effects model. Results: ECs showed significant yet small effects at modifying alcohol consumption and alcohol expectancies in the desired direction (g's ranged from -.18 to -.42). Changes in social, tension, liquid courage, and risk aggression expectancies explained significant variance in change in alcohol use. The effects of ECs at changing social, sexual, tension, and liquid courage expectancies were stronger among college students compared to high school students. More favorable results were observed for interventions delivered at a higher dose. Conclusions: ECs targeting high school and college students produce small effects at reducing alcohol use and changing alcohol expectancies. Future efforts are needed to determine under which circumstances and among which subgroups ECs are expected to produce greater effects.