An assessment of memory awareness in tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella)
An assessment of memory awareness in tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella)
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DOI：
10.1007/s10071-008-0180-1
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Murray, Elisabeth A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Basile, Benjamin M.;Hampton, Robert R.;Murray, Elisabeth A.
人类、猿和恒河猴通过在无知时收集信息和在得到信息后立即行动来展示记忆意识。在这项研究中，五只卷尾猴在观察实验者从四个不透明的管子中选择一个作为诱饵（可见试验）或不观察（不可见试验）后寻找食物。有记忆意识的猴子在选择之前应该先看一下管子，只有在看不见的试验中，因为在看不见的试验中，它们已经知道食物的位置。在实验1中，五只卷尾猴中的一只在看不见的试验中看得更频繁。在实验2中，我们确保猴子通过交替训练和测试来参加诱饵。五只猴子中有三只在看不见的试验中看得更频繁。因为猴子在两种试验类型中看的次数都比不看的次数多，可能会产生天花板效应，所以我们在实验3中增加了看的努力，并预测在看得到的和看不见的试验之间看的概率会有更大的差异。五只猴子中没有一只在看不见的试验中看得更频繁。这些发现为卷尾猴的记忆意识提供了模棱两可的证据，这些证据在人类、猿和恒河猴中得到了明确的证据。
Humans, apes, and rhesus monkeys demonstrate memory awareness by collecting information when ignorant and acting immediately when informed. In this study, five capuchin monkeys searched for food after either watching the experimenter bait one of four opaque tubes (seen trials), or not watching (unseen trials). Monkeys with memory awareness should look into the tubes before making a selection only on unseen trials because on seen trials they already know the location of the food. In Experiment 1, one of the five capuchins looked significantly more often on unseen trials. In Experiment 2, we ensured that the monkeys attended to the baiting by interleaving training and test sessions. Three of the five monkeys looked more often on unseen trials. Because monkeys looked more often than not on both trial types, potentially creating a ceiling effect, we increased the effort required to look in Experiment 3, and predicted a larger difference in the probability of looking between seen and unseen trials. None of the five monkeys looked more often on unseen trials. These findings provide equivocal evidence for memory awareness in capuchin monkeys using tests that have yielded clear evidence in humans, apes, and rhesus monkeys.