The complexity of drug choice: rats prefer alcohol over social interaction.
The complexity of drug choice: rats prefer alcohol over social interaction.
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药物选择的复杂性：与社交互动相比，老鼠更喜欢酒精。
DOI：
10.1038/s41386-022-01469-0
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kearns,DavidN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kearns,DavidN
最近，人们对药物和社会强化之间的选择非常感兴趣。这种兴趣是由有趣的实验结果激发的，实验结果表明，当有选择时，大鼠非常喜欢与同伴进行短暂的社会互动，而不是静脉注射包括甲基苯丙胺和海洛因在内的药物，而不是药物剂量[1]。即使在延长或间歇性接触药物自我给药后，导致成瘾行为的程序，引入社会互动作为海洛因或甲基苯丙胺的替代品，也会导致大鼠戒毒。在本期《神经精神药理学》上发表的一项新研究中，Marchant等人发表了一项有趣而出人意料的发现，当让老鼠在无糖口服酒精和社交互动之间做出相互排斥的选择时，老鼠会放弃这些药物，即使是那些表现出类似成瘾症状的大鼠，当有机会与同伴互动时，也会放弃这些药物，这表明社交互动是一种非常强大的强化作用。作者自己指出，他们对这一结果感到惊讶，并进行了一系列测试，以进一步调查效果。当它是唯一可用的增强剂时，社会互动支持操作型应答率远远高于非活性杠杆应答率，证实它是一种有效的增强剂。然而，在选择上与社交互动对立时，人们观察到了对酒精的持续偏好。只有当酒精价格(即获得酒精的努力)大大提高时，当酒精浓度降至零或接近于零时，或者当大鼠在选择阶段之前被允许免费饮酒时，这种优惠才能被取消。马钱特等人，S，对这一效果进行了严格而系统的调查，证实了这一点是可靠的。
Recently, there has been much interest in choice between drugs and social reinforcement. This interest was stimulated by the fascinating results of experiments showing that, when given a choice, rats greatly preferred brief periods of social interaction with a fellow rat over intravenous infusions of drugs including methamphetamine and heroin, independently of drug dose [1]. Even after extended or intermittent access drug self-administration, procedures which result in addiction-like behavior, introduction of social interaction as an alternative to heroin or methamphetamine caused rats to abstain from the drug. That rats, even ones showing signs resembling addiction, would give up these drugs when offered the chance to interact with a peer suggests that social interaction is an extremely powerful reinforcer in rats.In a new study published in this issue of Neuropsychopharmacology, Marchant et al.[2] report the intriguing and unexpected finding that when given a mutually exclusive choice between unsweetened oral alcohol and social interaction, rats preferred alcohol. The authors themselves noted that they were surprised by this outcome and performed a series of tests to further investigate the effect. When it was the only reinforcer available, social interaction supported operant response rates well above inactive lever response rates, confirming that it was an effective reinforcer. Yet persistent preference for alcohol was observed when pitted against social interaction in choice. This preference could only be abolished when the price of alcohol (ie, the effort to obtain it) was greatly increased, when the concentration of alcohol was reduced to zero or near zero, or when rats were given free access to alcohol prior to the choice session. Marchant et al.’s rigorous and systematic investigations into the effect confirm that it is a reliable one.