Diabetes and obesity: the twin epidemics
Diabetes and obesity: the twin epidemics
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DOI：
10.1038/nm0106-75
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
82.9
通讯作者：
Heron, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smyth, S;Heron, A
世界卫生组织（WHO）已宣布糖尿病正在流行。 1985 年，估计全世界有 3000 万人患有糖尿病。到 1995 年，这个数字猛增至 1.35 亿，到 2005 年估计达到 2.17 亿。令人震惊的是，世界卫生组织预测，到 2030 年，这一数字将增加到至少 3.66 亿（图 1）。预计这一增长大部分将发生在发展中国家，预计这些国家的糖尿病患者人数将在未来 25 年大幅增加。预计印度和中国的患病率增幅最大，美国排名第三。在两种类型的糖尿病中，大部分增长将由 2 型糖尿病患病率的上升推动，而 1 型糖尿病的患病率将保持相对稳定。世界卫生组织将这种增长归因于人口增长、老龄化、不健康饮食、肥胖和日益久坐的生活方式。糖尿病被认为是大多数国家过早患病和死亡的主要原因之一，给社会带来了沉重的经济负担。因此，预计人口中患病率的增加是一个真正的健康和经济问题。糖尿病费用。原发性糖尿病及其并发症的管理成本高昂，不仅对于受影响的个人，而且对于世界各地的医疗保健系统也是如此。根据国际糖尿病联盟的数据，在许多国家，糖尿病已占医疗保健总预算的 5-10%。在美国，美国糖尿病协会（ADA）估计2002年糖尿病造成的总费用为1320亿美元，其中直接和间接费用分别为920亿美元和400亿美元。由于该病患病率预计将增加，预计总成本将进一步上升，2010 年将达到 1,560 亿美元，2020 年将达到 1,920 亿美元（图 2）。与糖尿病相关的大部分费用来自合并症和糖尿病相关并发症的治疗。
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared that a diabetes epidemic is underway. In 1985, an estimated 30 million people worldwide had diabetes. By 1995, this number had shot up to 135 million, and by 2005 reached an estimated 217 million. Alarmingly, the WHO predicts that this will increase to at least 366 million by 2030 (Fig. 1). Most of this growth is expected to occur in developing countries, where the number of people with diabetes is forecast to increase substantially over the next 25 years. India and China are predicted to show the largest increases in terms of prevalence, with the US ranking third. Of the two types of diabetes mellitus, most of this growth will be driven by the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, whereas the prevalence of type 1 diabetes will remain relatively stable. The WHO attributes this growth to population growth, aging, unhealthy diets, obesity and increasingly sedentary lifestyles.Diabetes is considered one of the major causes of premature illness and death in most countries and imposes a substantial financial burden to society. The predicted increase in prevalence among the population is therefore a real health and economic concern. Diabetes costs. Primary diabetes and its complications are costly to manage, not only for affected individuals, but also for healthcare systems around the world. According to the International Diabetes Federation, diabetes already accounts for 5–10% of the total healthcare budget in many countries. In the US, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) has estimated that the total cost of diabetes in 2002 was $132 billion, with direct and indirect costs of $92 billion and $40 billion, respectively. Reflecting the projected increase in prevalence of the condition, total costs are predicted to rise further, to reach $156 billion in 2010 and $192 billion in 2020 (Fig. 2). Most of the costs associated with diabetes result from comorbidities and the management of diabetes-related complications.