Patterns of differences in brain morphology in humans as compared to extant apes
Patterns of differences in brain morphology in humans as compared to extant apes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.09.007
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Aldridge, Kristina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aldridge, Kristina
虽然人类进化的特征是大脑体积的大幅增加，但目前尚不清楚人类大脑的某些区域是否不成比例地扩大，或者这种扩大与整体神经形态的差异有何关系。这项研究的目的是确定是否有特定的功能套件，区分人类大脑的形态从猿类。研究样本包括解剖学上现代人类（智人）和五种猿类（长臂猿、猩猩、大猩猩、黑猩猩、倭黑猩猩）的全脑、体内磁共振图像（MRI）。使用MEASURE软件在每个个体的3D MRI重建上定位29个3D标志，包括大脑的表面和内部特征。地标坐标数据的大小差异进行缩放，并使用欧几里得距离矩阵分析（EDMA）进行分析，以统计学比较每个非人类猿类物种的大脑与人类样本。分析结果显示，所有猿类和人类之间的大脑形态模式始终不同，而且物种之间的模式也不同。此外，一致的和物种特异性的模式包括皮质和皮质下的功能。在不同物种中保持一致的模式表明：1）皮层和皮层下额叶结构之间的关系在形态上发生了重组。2)颞叶的扩张和杏仁核的位置，以及3）前顶叶区域的扩张。此外，研究结果表明，虽然有一个模式的形态，独特地定义了人类的大脑，也有模式，独特地区分人类的形态从每个非人类猿类物种的形态，这表明，重组的神经形态发生在每个这些群体的进化分歧。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Although human evolution is characterized by a vast increase in brain size, it is not clear whether or not certain regions of the brain are enlarged disproportionately in humans, or how this enlargement relates to differences in overall neural morphology. The aim of this study is to determine whether or not there are specific suites of features that distinguish the morphology of the human brain from that of apes. The study sample consists of whole brain, in vivo magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) and five ape species (gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos). Twenty-nine 3D landmarks, including surface and internal features of the brain were located on 3D MRI reconstructions of each individual using MEASURE software. Landmark coordinate data were scaled for differences in size and analyzed using Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis (EDMA) to statistically compare the brains of each non-human ape species to the human sample. Results of analyses show both a pattern of brain morphology that is consistently different between all apes and humans, as well as patterns that differ among species. Further, both the consistent and species-specific patterns include cortical and subcortical features. The pattern that remains consistent across species indicates a morphological reorganization of 1) relationships between cortical and subcortical frontal structures. 2) expansion of the temporal lobe and location of the amygdala, and 3) expansion of the anterior parietal region. Additionally, results demonstrate that, although there is a pattern of morphology that uniquely defines the human brain, there are also patterns that uniquely differentiate human morphology from the morphology of each non-human ape species, indicating that reorganization of neural morphology occurred at the evolutionary divergence of each of these groups. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.