A global synthesis of biochar's sustainability in climate-smart agriculture - Evidence from field and laboratory experiments
A global synthesis of biochar's sustainability in climate-smart agriculture - Evidence from field and laboratory experiments
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DOI：
10.1016/j.rser.2022.113042
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发表时间：
2023-02
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
Yawen Huang;B. Tao;R. Lal;Klaus E. Lorenz;P. Jacinthe;R. Shrestha;Xiongxiong Bai;M. Singh;L. Lindsey;W. Ren
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文献类型：
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作者：
Yawen Huang;B. Tao;R. Lal;Klaus E. Lorenz;P. Jacinthe;R. Shrestha;Xiongxiong Bai;M. Singh;L. Lindsey;W. Ren
生物炭改性被认为是减少农业温室气体排放和可持续提高作物产量的一种有前景的解决方案。然而，生物炭的温室气体净缓解潜力仍然不确定，特别是实地和实验室试验的有争议的结果。本研究利用来自592篇同行评议论文的9970份已发表观测数据，重点研究了生物炭在田间试验中对作物产量、土壤有机碳（SOC）储量、二氧化碳（CO2）和甲烷（CH4）通量以及土壤氮(N)动态（即土壤无机氮储量、一氧化二氮（N2O）排放、氨（NH3）挥发和无机氮淋溶）的影响。总体而言，田间数据表明，生物炭显著增加了土壤有机碳总量（26.6%）和作物产量（15.7%），减少了土壤CH4（- 14.8%）和N2O（- 23.1%）排放，减少了铵态氮（- 24.9%）和总无机氮淋溶（- 23.2%）排放，但对土壤co2排放没有影响。而实验室数据通常显示生物炭对这些指标的影响更大。全球变暖潜势仅在田间试验中有所降低，但两项试验均显示出相似的温室气体强度降低。结果表明，土壤和生物炭的阳离子交换能力、pH值、生物炭施用量和施氮量对生物炭对作物产量和温室气体排放的影响具有交互调节作用。实验室实验中不现实的高生物炭率可能高估了其对土壤碳固存的益处和/或低估了其缓解潜力。这些发现提供了一个全面的观点，即生物炭修正可以作为一种可行的气候智能型农业实践，有助于部分实现多个可持续发展目标。
Biochar amendment has been proposed as a promising solution to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture and sustainably enhance crop yield. However, the net GHG mitigation potential of biochar remains uncertain, especially the controversial results from field and laboratory experiments. Using 9970 published observational data derived from 592 peer-reviewed papers, this study highlighted the effects of biochar in field experiments on crop yield, soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes, and soil nitrogen (N) dynamics (i.e., soil inorganic N stocks, nitrous oxide [N2O] emissions, ammonia [NH3] volatilization, and inorganic N leaching). Overall, field data indicated that biochar significantly increased gross SOC stocks (26.6%) and crop yield (15.7%), reduced soil CH4(−14.8%) and N2O (−23.1%) emissions, and ammonium (−24.9%) and total inorganic N leaching (−23.2%) but had no effect on soil CO2emissions. Whereas laboratory data generally showed greater effect sizes of biochar on these indictors. Global warming potential was decreased only in field experiments, but both experiments showed similar reductions in GHG intensity. Both experiments suggested that soil and biochar cation exchange capacity, pH, biochar application rate, and nitrogen fertilization interactively regulated biochar effects on crop yield and GHG emissions. The unrealistically high rates of biochar in laboratory experiments may overestimate its benefit on soil C sequestration and/or underestimate its mitigation potential. These findings provide a comprehensive view that biochar amendment may serve as a viable climate-smart agricultural practice that can help in partial achievement of multiple sustainable development goals.