Chemosense for luminal environment in the large intestine.
Chemosense for luminal environment in the large intestine.
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DOI：
10.1248/yakushi.131.1691
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发表时间：
2011-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
I. Kaji;Shin-Ichiro Karaki;A. Kuwahara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
I. Kaji;Shin-Ichiro Karaki;A. Kuwahara
肠腔持续暴露于许多试剂，包括有毒化合物。肠上皮细胞在内部和腔（外部）环境之间形成屏障。检测腔环境的化学受体被认为作为上皮细胞功能的传感器和调节剂发挥重要作用。各种上皮细胞膜受体蛋白的分子分析阐明了这些细胞在肠道化学感受系统中的感觉作用。小肠上皮中的这些受体的营养感受系统被认为影响营养代谢和局部生理功能。然而，对大肠中化学传感的生理作用知之甚少。我们已经研究了短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）的收缩和分泌作用，肠道细菌的主要产品，以及SCFA受体在大肠中的表达。研究结果表明，大肠上皮细胞也检测和响应管腔内容物，特别是细菌代谢产物，用于宿主防御。我们最近报道，管腔苦味促味剂和气味剂影响跨上皮离子转运在人类和大鼠结肠，和假定的受体表达在结肠粘膜。在这篇综述中，我们描述了与感觉受体的表达模式相关的化学刺激对管腔的分泌作用，重点是大肠。
Gut lumen is continually exposed to many agents, including noxious compounds. The intestinal epithelia form a barrier between the internal and luminal (external) environments. Chemical receptors that detect the luminal environment are thought to play an important role as sensors and as modulators of epithelial cell functions. The Molecular analysis of various epithelial cell membrane receptor proteins has elucidated the sensory role of these cells in the gut chemosensing system. Nutrient sensing systems by these receptors in the small intestinal epithelia are thought to influence nutrient metabolism and local physiological function. Much less is known, however, about the physiological roles of chemosensing in the large intestine. We have investigated the contractile and secretory effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the primary products of commensal bacteria, and the expression of SCFA receptors in the large intestine. The findings indicate that the epithelia in the large intestine also detect and respond to luminal contents, particularly bacterial metabolites, for host defense. We recently reported that luminal bitter tastants and odorants affect transepithelial ion transport in human and rat colon, and that putative receptors are expressed in colonic mucosa. In this review, we describe the secretory effects of chemical stimuli on lumen associated with the expression pattern of sensory receptors, focusing on the large intestine.